Marilyn Monroe and Mental Illness Essay - 864 Words

Marilyn Monroe and Mental Illness By: Whitworth PSY 410 May 20, 2012 Marilyn Monroe and Mental Illness Marilyn Monroe, her given name Norma Jeane Mortenson, was born on June 1, 1926. The name Norma Jeane Mortenson was baptized as Norma Jeane Baker (Bio True Story, 2012). When Marilyn was born, during the 1920’s, single parenting was not regarded highly. Marilyn’s mother, Gladys Mortenson, named Marilyn after Norma Tallmadge, famous actor during the mid- 1920’s. Marilyn was born with no father figure in which to influence her life. Marilyn’s birth certificate lists Edward Mortenson as the father, of which he was Gladys’ second husband, biographers have since agreed that Norma Jeane’s father was actually Stanley Gifford. Gifford†¦show more content†¦During Norma Jeane’s childhood she was known to have fantasized that she was the daughter of Clark Gabel, she had often told school mates that her father was a famous Hollywood actor (Doll, 1998-2012). It is known that Norma Jeane never did formally meet the man whom she thought was h er biological father, Gifford (Doll, 1998-2012). Doll (1998-2012), When she was a teenager, she tried to speak with him by telephone. She identified herself as Norma Jeane, Gladyss daughter, but the party on the other end of the line simply hung up.† (Para. 7). It is easy to underestimate the significance of the stories surrounding Norma Jeane’s early life, yet it appears that she felt a profound sadness at never having known her father. This alone left an emotional scare. The conflicting stories the fantasies about who her father was, is a mere representation of her attempts to put her early life into presepective, in spite of a dim past (Doll, 1998-2012). Unfortunately these attempts were not enough to for the actress, it is noted that shortly before her death, Norma Jeane filled out an official document, witnessed by her personal secretary, where the father is listed as â€Å"unknown† (Doll, 1998-2012). Family History of Mental Illness Norma Jeane’s mother had a documented history of mental illness. Both of her parents, Otis and Delia Monroe were found to have lived out their later years in mental institutions, Norma Jeane’s uncle, Marion Monroe, was alsoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Journey Into the Mind of Marilyn Monroe844 Words   |  4 PagesWatching Marilyn Monroe as she moves across the large silver screen with her signature sensual grace in the 1961 film The Misfits, it is hard to believe that by this point in her career, she had lost virtually all sway over her impulsivity. Her day to day existence had become a series of endless crises that grew more frantic and destructive. She was in a desperate and losing struggle within herself. In retrospect, the wrenching dilemmas she faced off the set gave her portrayal of Roslyn a surrealRead MoreEssay on Marilyn Monroe and Borderline Personality Disorder1835 Words   |  8 PagesMarilyn Monroe is a well-known legend a nd has been a public figure for several decades. Monroe was a distinguished model, actress, and singer, who quickly became known as a major sex symbol. Monroe starred in a large number of successful motion pictures during the late 1940s and early 1960s. She began her career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946. Throughout her career, Monroes films grossed more than $200 million (Marilyn Monroe Biography, 2013). Marilyn Monroe swiftly became moreRead MoreMarilyn Monroe s Fight Against Mental Disorder1468 Words   |  6 PagesMarilyn Monroe’s Fight Against a Mental Disorder One of the most famous and iconic women in history, known by the name of Marilyn Monroe, lived a life of a star in the views of thousands of fans. From her beauty to her beautiful, bubbly personality, and the fame she acquired through movies and photographs might be the world to many, but for Marilyn it was worthless. Her exterior expressed happiness and pure bliss in front of the cameras, but nobody seem to pay attention to what was going on in herRead MoreA Case Study And Treatment Plan For Marilyn Monroe Essay4865 Words   |  20 Pages A Case Study and Treatment Plan for Marilyn Monroe: Borderline Personality Disorder Anita Daswani deMena Hodges University June 12, 2015 Abstract There are many factors which may have had an effect on Marilyn Monroe’s psychological state. I will attempt to prove in my case study and treatment plan, that if Marilyn Monroe had lived in the time period we live in today she would have been better able to be overcome her struggle with mental illness. If treated for Borderline PersonalityRead MoreMarilyn Monroe s Life And Accomplishments1034 Words   |  5 Pageseven beautiful but because I had never belonged to anything or anyone else.† Marilyn knew what her life was when she gave up her life for her career. Following this will be the real life of Marilyn Monroe, what she went through in her childhood and her professional life, her career, her affair, her death, and her legacy. Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson) was born in Los Angeles, California on June 1st, 1926. Marilyn faced a difficult childhood; she spent most of her time in an orphanage. Marilyn’sRead MoreMarilyn Monroe Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognized faces in the world. Over forty years after her death, Marilyn Monroe‘s life and death is still in question. Her trademark platinum hair and beauty mark, her famous skirt-blowing scene, which eventually she became ashamed of because no one could see the woman who was intellectual had feelings and worked hard behind the glitter, the gold and the smiles. Everyone knew this Marilyn Monroe, but did anybody know Norma Jeane Baker? Marilyn Monroe was a Hollywood icon, maybe even a legend, but who was thisRead MoreThe Effects of Media on Womens Self Esteem Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding young women, it is no surprise that they strive for these body types. This can cause serious problems like body dysmorphic disord er, which leads to eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia. Body dysmorphic disorder is a chronic mental illness in which the sufferer cannot stop thinking about a flaw in their appearance, whether miniscule or imagined. Body dysmorphic disorder has sometimes been called â€Å"imagined ugliness.† Symptoms of this disorder are preoccupation with appearance,Read MoreEssay about Bipolar Disorder: Illness and Treatment693 Words   |  3 Pagesthat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder promote creative thinking and intense emotions. There is popular evidence that suggest that there is relationship between creativity and mental dysfunction. There are a significant number of famous individuals known for their creative capacity that had suffered from mental illness. Is believed that individuals with psychological problems often have the capacity to see and interpret the world in a unique and original manner, in other words they can see whatRead MoreThe Rise in the Number of Girls Suffering from Anorexia Nervosa903 Words   |  4 PagesStatistics are often a bit of a hazard, but when it comes to those concerning an illness characterised by discretion, dishonour and deception, even that is an understatement. Statistics show a 60% rise in the number of young girls admitted to hospital with anorexia in England and disturbingly still rising. The mythology encompassing anorexia is a self-inflicted condition brought on by narcissism. Narcissism is a misinterpretation of what is, in reality, a life threatening disease whose cause remainsRead MoreOnly 5% of women in the United States naturally posses the body type portrayed in the media.( )1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can be life threatening for them. This could ultimately lead to eating disorders, depression, and or unnecessary cosmetic surgery. The look of women has changed overtime. Marilyn Monroe used to be praised for her curvy figure in the early 1950s. During the 50s women saw beauty in curves and confidence. Since Monroe was like a trending topic in the 50s woman looked to the way she carried her self and she became a role model to some people. Even during that time the thought of what healthy

Political Compass - 1649 Words

â€Å"Bury yourself in pity, doubt, poverty, shame and disgust. Become that of which you are surrounded by, be what everyone wants you to be, NOTHING! He’ll never amount to anything† they would always say, â€Å"he will just end up to be just like his mother, a beat down, drug addict, alcoholic Mexican, living under the poverty line, scraping for food and money just to get by.† But he refuses, he will not be THIS, he will not be labeled and categorized simply because society deems him to do nothing more than to follow the steps of those who raised him. Through tear-filled eyes and blurred words, he prays each and every night to GOD to make him something better, to take away this anger and resentment that fills his soul for being a â€Å"broke Mexican in†¦show more content†¦Under socialism, employment is dictated by the states, thus full employment may be given to all workers, despite no particular or essential need for them. Due to the state managing p rices, there is a high possibility and risk of shortages and surpluses in goods. I personally scored a -4.25, meaning I semi-agree to having an economy that is run by the people and not dictated by the government. The other axis, labeled as Authoritarian (top) and Libertarian (bottom), measures one s political opinions in a social sense. This refers to the amount of personal freedom that one would allow or accept. A libertarian is defined as an individual who believes that personal freedom should be maximized, while an authoritarian is an individual who believes that authority and tradition should be obeyed. On this scale I scored a -1.54 meaning I tend to be somewhat in the middle when it comes to control. While I do believe very strongly in freedom I, in turn, favor having the protection. Perhaps because of a subconscious longing for the motherly affection and care I never had. Generally, I am what you would call a Libertarian Socialist. Many times libertarian socialists may be ca lled social anarchists. Although there is a stigma to the word anarchist, I believe it describes me well. The idea of being an anarchist means coming to the realization that one is educated, responsible and self-efficient enough to take control of ones actions and of one’s future. Overall, anarchistShow MoreRelatedThe Good Ghanaian Society 1068 Words   |  5 Pages and the corporations we work in, should be heading. Despite this kaleidoscope of opinions, fortunately there is a unifying point of agreement: ‘the task of every legitimate government is to secure a good society for its citizens.’ Nearly every political and economic philosopher from the time of Aristotle to Max Weber has agreed that the provision of a good society is the ultimate purpose of government. Once the role of government has been defined, it thus becomes imperative to further define howRead MoreWhat are the Political Axes565 Words   |  2 PagesFreedom and Authority 1. In your own words, what do the two axes of Political Compass represent? There are many approaches to the political spectrum, one of which involves two-dimensional model of Political Compass, which explores the view of a person divided by two aspects social (Authoritarian and Libertarian) and economic (Left and Right view). The model is represented by two axes which divided the politics into four main areas. The relationship is strong between freedom and authority as inRead MoreNational Security in Foreign Policy645 Words   |  3 Pages†¢ Foreign policy definition: a set of political goals that aims to outline how a particular state will interact with others †¢ Beach (2012): Foreign policy actions can be undertaken using a variety of different instruments, ranging from adopting declarations, making speeches, negotiating treaties, giving other states economic aid, engaging in diplomatic activity such as summits, and the use of military force †¢ No matter which instruments are used, the primary objective of states in outlining theirRead MoreSummary Of People Speak By Howard Zinn1187 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"People Speak† the underlying message is that you should be vocal and fight injustice. She also stated that â€Å"We must end the assault on our privacy, on freedom of the press, on the free internet, and end the war on whistleblowers, and free the political prisoners - that includes Leonard Peltier, Mumia Abu Jamal, Chelsea Manning, Julian Assange, Edward Snowden, Jeffrey Sterling, and Edward Pinkney, whose only crime was to stand up against the theft of public resources†, clearly advocating for peopleRead MoreMorality Vs Machiavelli1161 Words   |  5 PagesOne may argue that, although the Prince’s actions are cruel and he is deceiving his subjects, the Prince has an obligation to maintain security and stability in the state, no matter the cost. However, Socrates would still reject t his Prince and a political system led by him due to the fact that the Prince acquires his power from the people. Socrates would argue that, by being dishonest to his subjects, the Prince values himself over the people. He no longer has any regard for the consent of the governedRead MoreLosing Liberty: How Obama Put America On the Road to Nowhere1216 Words   |  5 Pagescomes from the University of Massachusetts where students enrolled in an art history class had dedicated class time to writing their representatives about looming budget cuts. Students were pressured to join a protest, the professor would blame a political party and passed out voter registration cards. (Wright) It begs the question, was this a rally or a course on art history? There have been countless accords on the suppression of freedom of thought, these accords span from the 21st century toRead MoreWoodrow Wilson vs. Long948 Words   |  4 Pagesout the choices by the (popular consent) free of political meddlinggt; â€Å"politics-administration dichotomy† Before entering into the science of administration Wilson felt it was needed that first there should be some account of the history of what others have done in the field, secondly there should be an ascertainment of its subject-matter, and thirdly the it should be determined the best methods to develop it and the most clarifying political conceptions to carry into it. Without knowing theseRead MoreEnron, the Smartest Guys in the Room.1229 Words   |  5 Pagesfat bonuses and Enron’s ability to exploit the darker side of the traders. The traders lost their sense of morality. Once the traders accepted the idea of inhumanity it was acceptable for them to continue with their unethical behavior. The moral compass is our natural feeling that makes people know what is right and wrong and how they should behave. If the working environment does not have moral standards and the individual is not strong enough to step aside, he/she will be drag down and lose theirRead MoreWhat Makes A P olitically Savvy Leader?1173 Words   |  5 Pagespolitically savvy leader. Defining Political Savvy Office politics have such a negative connotation and many people just do not want to participate or play the â€Å"political game†, but Political Savvy has nothing to do with politics. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Political Savvy is one who â€Å"understands and utilizes the dynamics of power, organization, and decision-making to achieve objectives† (â€Å"Leadership Competencies - executive,† n.d.). Political Savvy, when broken down toRead MoreThe Election Of 2016, By Milton Friedman, Joseph Stalin, And Mahatma Gandhi1378 Words   |  6 Pages After taking these two quizzes, I was really intrigued by the results because I have never really taken surveys like these and it was interesting to learn more about myself and political views. On the first quiz, which was the political compass, the results stated that I am more of a Liberal leftist. When looking at the results in comparison to different leaders, I noticed that I was placed closest to Nelson Mandela. Also, when I compared my results specifically to the candidates in the

Curriculum & Material for International Journal -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCurriculum Material Designing for International Journal. Answer: Importance of syllabus in teaching English language is of intriguing importance as it outlines the knowledge to be imparted along with keeping a focus on the procedures applied in the teaching process. The syllabus takes both the teacher and students or readers to through the entire structure of the curriculum aiming to accomplish some skill to be acquired. The theories related to linguistic and language are both covered in syllabus design that further gets utilized in classroom teaching atmosphere. Based on different factors underlying the need or purpose the syllabus can take form of different types like situational, skill-based, formal, multi-dimensional, task-based, process, learn-led, proportional, content based, notional or functional and lexical. Not a single individual type of syllabus is sufficient enough to consolidate the teaching process. Rather a combination of various aspects of syllabus structuring can bring out best teaching method as well as make the syllabus teachab le (McGee Reis, 2012). Taking into account different characteristics of English language syllabus two broader category of syllabus can be identified: Product oriented syllabus: The syllabus that is formed keeping orientation toward product, often focuses more on the outcome of a learning process has been conducted. The syllabus initiates after the learning process has taken place already. Some of the example of product based syllabus method is grammatical, lexical, functional-notional syllabus type since they focus on outcomes that having basis in grammatical, lexical and notional approach (Van den Akker, et al., 2012). This type of syllabus makes an emphasis on the product or outcome of the program that has aimed to impart knowledge. Thus, it outlines the entire impact of the program which is more of inclined toward structural approach. Structural approach focuses on selection and grading of content having its basis on how simple or complex the grammatical items are. Each of the structural steps are mastered by learners and that further is added to the collection of grammar he has. There are problems to be found in the grammar of spoken and writing tone of language which is identified and incorporated into the approach while framing the syllabus. The situational approach under this kind of syllabus focuses on the needs generated on the situation basis. This includes the various types and ways of behavioral signs and language skills are used outside the premise of classroom. This situation based design of the syllabus draws links to the situations from structural theories. Notional or functional app roach highlights the importance of concepts and their meaning. It helps greatly in communicating purposes. The approach concerns most what are the needs of the learners and operates in line of that in order to create effective knowledge outcome. Process-oriented syllabus: Process oriented syllabus is just the reflection of its name with having primary focus on the processes and skills approaches associated and implemented in learning process. Here the designer of the syllabus puts more emphasis on how the student and teachers compete their tasks regarding information collection, idea organization, making drafts and get a revision of them in contrast to the focus made on notes and reports compositions (Van den Akker, et al., 2012). The syllabus structure outlines factors like pedagogy, learner and learning as core of the design. This attempts to make focus on encouraging students to practice, interact and use language following strong communication (Creswell, 2013).. This type of syllabus focus on learn-led and proportional approach (Richards Rodgers, 2014) . While the former makes attempt to highlight the process of learning by the learners the latter attempts to develop overall competence creating dynamicity along with flexibility. The learn led approach lacks aim but the proportional approach always have link at the core with units taught (Cullen, Harris Hill, 2012). The best outcome in terms of absorption of knowledge gain lies in the clarity and care adopted in designing the language curriculum. Array of influences and directions has been reflected in language teaching with major focus being on corpus research, task based instruction and common European framework. The development of second language has been turning complex with the advent of communication based language teaching since 1980s (Richards Rodgers, 2014) . The communicative intention now takes the attention more towards competence level build through communication than focusing on the grammar. The development can be traced through three different teaching programs approached in multiple ways keeping in mind the difference of curriculum designs. These three approaches are forward, central and backward approach having the basis of difference based on the input, processing and output of the designs (Abbaspour Zare, 2013). Forward: The approach initiates the program with focusing on the planning of syllabus and structuring the methodology. This is further followed by the assessment of the outcomes emanating from learning process. The major tradition of the English language curriculum development in forward design focuses on resolving regarding the problems in content and sequencing of the syllabus as the first step to taken care of. This design has its basis on the assumptions of linearity among input, process and output. This requires decisions regarding methodology and structure of output to become secondary and issues of solving instructional contents are primary focus. The design of the curriculum is done following sequencing manner also know as waterfall model. This model suggests how the inputs of one stage are derived from the output of other stages. As per the traditional approach followed in syllabus, development involves subject matter understanding of one as the core of the initiation with planning. It requires one to start with the field or arena of subject based knowledge one is going to impart others. It can include wide variety of subjects ranging from marketing, business, and contemporary history of Europe to literature of different language. Next comes the selection of concept base, skills, knowledge requirements that consolidate while shaping the field of knowledge (Richards, 2013). This is done so as to make the course content depend and develop around it. Assessment of the learner or student has its basis on referencing norms. This implies on the gradation made upon the students following single scale. The expectation is to derive scattered range of scores conforming to pre-set distribution. An example elaborates the concept lucidly. Suppose a teacher makes a choice of the topic that he decides to teach. Then he finds out a proper resource for that. Then he builds the instructional methods based on the chosen topic and resources. Lastly the teacher structures an essay question in order to conduct an assessment. Central: This approach focuses more on procedures and methodology followed in the class room. This does not include the issues in the syllabus with detailed specification. The design reflects the process between initiation and ending of programs reflecting various innovative methods. In this approach the curriculum design and development starts with making selection of the activities regarding methods and techniques of teaching. It does not involve the elaboration of detailed syllabus on language and outcomes specific to any language program. Initially a primary focus is vested upon choosing roper methodology and then issues related to input, process and output are analyzed and incorporated into the action. The model is greatly fixated on the process of learning. Since the emphasis is more on the discussion, critically thinking ability and decision making capability; it creates a fuzz in being able to make the assessment. The time of them can be stated but not the measurement regarding the in tensity can be captured as these are subjective skills. The central design is known as learner based method since greater emphasis is on the active learning process leading to individual achievement of the students (Richards, 2013). This method is highly essential in developing syllabi in humanities and social science subjects. The subjects like art, public speaking requires creative contemplation that makes extensive use of central design as the course requirement follows a subjective nature. Thus focusing on the subjective skills development plays important goal in central design of the syllabus in language curriculum. Backward: The educational curriculum design that sets goal prior choosing the methods or instructions and ways of making assessment. The backward design starts with specifying the outcomes from learning program and decisions made regarding methodology. Based on the outcomes the development of syllabus is made. Specification of outputs from learning process is used further to develop the input and instructional processes. This approach makes a start following. Statement of expected or desires result. Based on that teaching activities found appropriate are derived. This method has been prominent in developing curriculum in recent years. The general education structure of the syllabus traditionally employs this approach. This approach is also known as end-mean approach. The process of this design consists of needs diagnosis, objective formulation, content selection, content organization, learning experience selection and its organization, determination of the evaluation focusing on devising ways to complete the task (Richards, 2013). The biggest advantage of the method students dont get lost with too much factual details This makes them keep up the zeal of studying the base topic. The instructions designed under this follows global context than daily contextual activities. The assessments are designed to be conducted prior the planning of the lesson takes place. This leads the student toward appropriateness of their knowledge, which they require to know specifically. The starting point of this design is to become familiar with the grades in the curriculum that would be given to students. The second stage involves planning of curriculum and designing backward in order to come up with proper assessment techniques. The assessment involves the process that help student locate their position in terms of improvement and gaining the knowledge (Richards Rodgers, 2014) . This also identifies how hooked the students are with the topic. The opportunity provided to students to refine their work and knowledge along with allowing them to make evaluation is prime focus of the assessment process included in backward design of curriculum development. Reference: Abbaspour, E., Zare, J. (2013). A critical review of recent trends in second language syllabus design and curriculum development.International Journal,2(2), 63-82. Boschman, F., McKenney, S., Voogt, J. (2014). Understanding decision making in teachers curriculum design approaches.Educational technology research and development,62(4), 393-416. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Cullen, R., Harris, M., Hill, R. R. (2012).The learner-centered curriculum: Design and implementation. John Wiley Sons. Dempster, J. A., Benfield, G., Francis, R. (2012). An academic development model for fostering innovation and sharing in curriculum design.Innovations in Education and Teaching International,49(2), 135-147. Ismagilova, L. R., Polyakova, O. V. (2014). The problem of the syllabus design within the competence approach based on the course English for Master Degree Students in Economics (advanced level).Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,152, 1095-1100. McGee, P., Reis, A. (2012). Blended course design: A synthesis of best practices.Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks,16(4), 7-22. Rahman, M. (2015). English for Specific Purposes (ESP): A Holistic Review.Universal Journal of Educational Research,3(1), 24-31. Richards, J. C. (2013). Curriculum approaches in language teaching: Forward, central, and backward design.Relc Journal,44(1), 5-33. Richards, J. C., Rodgers, T. S. (2014).Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge university press. Wu, Y. (2012). An Empirical Study on Needs Analysis of College Business English Course.International Education Studies,5(2), 216-221. Rosenblatt, H. J. (2013).Systems analysis and design. Cengage Learning. Van den Akker, J., Branch, R. M., Gustafson, K., Nieveen, N., Plomp, T. (Eds.). (2012).Design approaches and tools in education and training. Springer Science Business Media.

Contextual Factors Of Beauty And Fitness Centre - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Contextual Factors Of Beauty And Fitness Centre. Answer: Introduction Contextual Factors are those factors which affect organisations differently based on their characteristics. Globalisation has been changing the way countries do business since many years. Australia joined the wave of globalisation in 80s until then Australia was practising mercantilism. But mercantilism gave rise to unemployment and high inflation, it was then that Australia opened its doors for global companies. This report will discuss about impact of globalisation on service industry in Australia and how as a contextual factor does globalisation affect the business strategy of a beauty and fitness business in Australia. As awareness of benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle is increasing, Beauty and wellness industry has become popular choice for investment by entrepreneurs. Fitness industry includes everything from gyms and spas to beauty salons and male grooming(Business Franchise, 2014). Beauty and wellness Industry in Australia Wellness market of Australia has attracted lot of investment recently and has attracted lot of innovations. In 2014, IBISworld report stated that in next five years Australian fitness industrys revenues are expected to reach $ 3.4 Billion which includes personal training and weight Loss services(Business Franchise, 2014). Fitness and beauty industry has also seen a surge in employment, 25% increase in fitness instructors and 25% increase in beauty therapists since 2011(Australian, 2017). Internal Organisational Factors Internal business environment comprises of factors which are within the control of company and which impact the strategy it follows for success(Pestle Analysis, 2015). Following are some internal Factors and their effects on business: Well Trained Staff: Labour in this industry is the major determinant of cost. Labour comprises of personal trainers, instructors, customer service executives and marketing professionals. Beauty and fitness businesses are heavily reliant on labour which is the main reason of growing trend of unstaffed gym. These gyms operate 24 hours and saves wages as well. Well trained staff is key driver of a gyms success as demand for personal trainer is also on a high(Fitness Australia, 2016). Technologically Advanced Equipment: Its important to keep the latest training equipment. Although innovation in this industry is limited as exercises like cardio and weights generally are done by tried and tested methods. Innovations are limited to CrossFit equipment only. Location: Areas wide outdoor spaces and pleasant weather see lower demand for gym facilities on the other hand more commercial regions tend to use private fitness facilities more. Hence, fitness centres are mostly located in metropolitan areas and suburban shopping areas. So the location of Beauty and fitness centre plays important role in determining its success. External Organisational Factors External factors are those which affect the functioning of an organisation and are not in control of organisation(Root, 2018). Following are some external factors which effect businesses: Customers: Baby Boomers have started to retire now. This generation will now look for health and fitness services. Medical professionals are also referring their patients to health and fitness centres to treat and prevent chronic conditions. Government is also focusing on preventing health as a result of which there is increased interest in fitness programs at workplace, community setting and school. Increased obesity in Australia has also played an important role in promotion of fitness businesses(Whytcross, 2014). Political and economic environment: Economic slowdown of 2008-09 had affected the industry revenues. State government initiatives in schools, community centres and workplace are creating awareness health and benefits of attending gym. Policy decisions such as health fund rebates and FBT tax exemptions for businesses that provide subsidised fitness for employees will help fitness centres in getting more membership. Fitness industry in comparatively less regulated the new Australian Consumer Law covers issues memberships, making misleading communications and marinating consumers confidentiality. Competition: Online services weight management sites and nutrition guides are posing increasing competition to fitness clubs. Availability of beauty products from all over the world on online shopping portals is enabling buyers to perform beauty treatments at ease of their homes. As fitness industry largely serves the needs of locals extent to which they face international competition is limited to international franchise. Technological advancements: A lot of technological innovations are happening in the field of beauty and fitness like the bands which monitor daily calories expenditure, food intake and sleep patterns, workout DVDs etc. In order to maintain its customer base fitness companies will have to stay updated technologically because members are now more interested in benefits and results they can get by spending less. Business Idea This beauty and fitness centre will offer services of a gym, yoga centre, beauty and skin clinic, slimming centre and ayurvedic massage centre under one roof. This centre will be first set up in Sydney and subsequently in other parts of country like Canberra, Perth, Brisbane and Melbourne. Globalization Globalisation is integration of economic activities due to increased integration of human society around the world(Mussa, 2003). Economic globalisation means exchange of goods and services from across the border, foreign investments, reduction in tariffs and relaxation in trade barriers and spread of knowledge and technology across geographical borders(Samimi Jenatabadi, 2014). Australia opened its markets for global trade in middle of 1980s and since then it has seen considerable growth in service industry. Service sector in Australia offers some of the highest salaries and contributes up to 50% in GDP. Challenges of globalisation Competitive Pricing: With presence of international fitness brands it will be very difficult for start-ups to sustain without offering competitive prices and discount offers. There is a growing trend of offering huge discounts on gym memberships in order to attract more customers. In order to maintain a competitive edge over MNCs it is important for start-ups to build their expertise and market their products well. No Industry assistance: Beauty and Fitness Industry does not have any protection or assistance from any kind of body. Although some local council also run fitness centres but they are also for profit entities. Competition: Since Australia is an open economy entry of international brands in beauty and fitness industry is also an obvious phenomenon. International Competition especially from Korean beauty products and international gym chains like Curves and Golds Gym pose a major threat to start-ups in this industry. They have the advantage of innovative and advanced equipment and internationally trained man-power. Internet: Online weight management programs have emerged and are giving competition to fitness clubs and availability of international beauty products on online stores at affordable prices has encouraged consumers to have beauty treatments at home. Benefits of globalisation Hollywood and beauty standards: Globalisation has standardized how people idealize beauty and fitness(Johansson Andreasson, 2014). Hollywood and some other international consumer culture have homogenised the way people perceive beauty and physical appearances(Jones, 2011). In addition to this, TV shows like The Biggest Loser have also contributed in growing awareness towards fitness. These trends have also created a new customer segment as males are increasingly getting conscious about their appearances. Social Media: More brands are now using social media to target the internet generation and to generate online leads. Presence on Social media also plays important role in giving worldwide recognition to a business. Increase in international travel and tourism has also increased mobility of customers, which means if they identify a brand from internet they will look for it and associate with it in other countries as well(Queensland Government, 2016). Franchise option with international brands: Many international beauty and fitness clubs like Curves and Golds Gym try to enter new markets through offering franchise. For start-ups struggling to build their customer base option of taking up a franchisee of international brand is a very profitable option(Business Franchise Australia New Zealand , 2008). Conclusion Contextual factors have different impacts on different industries. For fitness and beauty industry impact of globalisation is moderate but it is rapidly growing with growing awareness among consumers and influence of international cultures. For a start-up to survive in this industry it is very important to be technologically updated with innovative and advanced equipment. Growth of 24 hours gym is an innovative idea for tapping the corporate professionals, who do not find time to go to gym, and it also saves a lot of costs because it is mainly unstaffed. Franchising an existing multinational Beauty or fitness chain is also a benefit of globalisation it gives start-ups with much needed credibility but it requires a lot of investment. It can be concluded that globalisation has brought opportunities as well as threats for a start-up in fitness industry, but by developing effective strategies they can achieve tremendous growth in this industry. Bibliography Australian, T. W. (2017). Census 2016 reveals huge surge in fitness, beauty, barista jobs while manufacturing work falls 24pc. Retrieved January 6, 2018, from thewest.com.au: https://thewest.com.au/business/economy/census-2016-reveals-huge-surge-in-fitness-beauty-barista-jobs-while-manufacturing-work-falls-24pc-ng-b88636861z Business Franchise. (2014). A HEALTHY BOTTOM LINE. 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