Business Plan Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Plan Master - Assignment Example The reason for having chosen Ireland is that in Ireland many hardware and software manufacturers are located and Ireland is considered somehow the European "Silicon Valley". Profits4U's primary targets are large hardware and software corporations such as HP, IBM & Microsoft. The next target will be the medium-sized companies in multimedia and software, areas that have great development potential. Profits4U's goal is to be positioned as a trustful sales & marketing company. Profits4U's competition is mostly the sale and marketing in - house departments. An indirect competitor could be some management consulting firms such as Arthur Andersen etc. but as mentioned these companies are indirect competitors since they are generalists and they do not implement niche marketing. In addition, due to their sheer size, in many cases their projects are executed by junior consultants and not by their senior personnel. Profits4U in terms of price will be positioned as a brand name company meaning that its prices will be quite high. The high prices can be justified due to Profits4U expertise in sales & marketing and more specifically in sales & marketing of software and hardware product. Mrs. Clara Bauer and the rest of the management team are former executives of high tech companies specialized in sales and marketing. The management is consisted of 3 partners aiming to reach 5 partners. AccoAccording to the company's estimations the profits will reach the $65,000 by the third year 3 with a net profit margin of 6%. Profits4U plans to ask for bank loan of $130,000 t and ask for an additional one of $50,000 in order to invest it in long-term assets by 2010. There is no anticipation of cash flow problems. 1.1 Mission To provide hardware and software manufacturers a first class solution to business development on a national and international level. The competitive advantage of Profits4U is its expertise, confidentiality, professionalism and contacts. Profits4U can be combined with the internal sales and marketing people and at the same time be a cheaper way to develop new markets. It can be a real alternative to internal resources and it offers senior practical experience, know-how, contacts, and confidentiality. The customers should know that working with Profits4U is an efficient, economical and more professional way to develop new business rather than working solely with internal staff. The focus will be business development in the European and Latin American markets. 1.2 Keys to Success 1. Excellence in sales and marketing. 2. Generate new sales leads. 3. Provide apart from sales expertise market research and project consulting. 1.3 Objectives 1. The sales turnover should be $550,000 in 2009 and $1 million in 2011. 2. The desired gross profit margin will be higher than 70%. 3. The desired net income will be more than 5% of sales by 2011. 2.0 Start-up Summary The initial expenses (among them legal costs, logo design, stationery and related expenses are included) are estimated to reach $18,350. The short term assets (office,furniture etc.) are estimated to reach $32,000 and have as start up cash the amount of $25,000 . The details are included in the following table. Start-up 3.0 Services 3.1 Competitive Comparison The competition comes in several forms: 1. In - house sales and marketing personel. The competitive advantage of Profits4U is that the managers of the internal departments do not

Black People Essay Example for Free

Black People Essay Tar Baby Toni Morrison’s novel might for some be a novel of cultural awakening. One also might at their first reading and perhaps also by reading the different studies made on Tar Baby, restricted to an interpretation that sees Jadine, Morrison’s protagonist, as woman who has, consciously or unconsciously, lost her â€Å"ancient properties† (305) and internalized the values of a white culture. Jadine has totally disconnected herself from her racial identity and cultural heritage. This reading is supported by the fact that Jadine has got her education in Europe with the financial assistance of Valerian Street (her aunt’s and uncle’s employer). Paraphrasing Marylyn sanders Mobley – the characterization of the protagonist, Jadine, draws attention to a fundamental problem as one that Morrison wants to affirm the self-reliance and freedom of a black woman who makes choices for her own life on her own terms. She also seeks to point out the dangers that can happen to the totally self-reliant if there is no historical connection. While the conflict in Tar Baby is undoubtedly â€Å"between assimilation and cultural nationalism represented by the sealskin coat Ryk has given her and the pie table† (Rayson, 94), the limiting categories which Jadine is continually forced into do not come from the white characters but primarily from the black community in which she finds herself because she (Jadine) has embraced white stereotypes along with white culture. While Valerian is portrayed as the traditional master-figure in the novel, it is actually Son, Sydney and Ondine, and the folk past represented by the different women in different places that try to conquer and dominate Jadine, who retain and represent their culture in the very colour of their skin. On the other hand, one could argue that it is as a result of Jadine’s university education in Europe and her career that further draws her away from her culture and identity and therefore (paraphrasing Mobley in Toni Morrison critical perspectives past and present) contributes significantly to the emotional and spiritual uncertainty that plague her as well as the many different roles that are imposed upon her by her aunt and uncle as well as the ‘society’ that caused her to seek upward social mobility. Sydney and Ondine, Jadine’s uncle and aunt in the novel can be seen as representative of one of the tar pits for Jadine. They do not accept all black people equal in the community in which they live because they employ racial hierarchies. Ondine sees herself as the only woman in the house (209), while Sydney notes more than twice that he is a Philadelphia Negro, â€Å"the proudest people in the race† (61). They seem to have a clear vision of what they want for Jadine their niece. As the story progresses, though, it becomes clearer that it is not actually a question of what they want for Jadine but what they want of her or expect her to do. In addition to them wanting Jadine to provide them safety and credit for their race, Ondine admits by the end of the novel, â€Å"maybe I just wanted her to feel sorry for us [ ] and that’s a lowdown wish if I ever had one† (282). Jadine understands that Sydney and Ondine â€Å"had gotten Valerian to pay her tuition while they sent her the rest† (49) and Ondine keeps reminding that she â€Å"would have stood on her feet all day all night to put Jadine through that school† (193). Ondine sees Jadine as her â€Å"crown† (282), and she and Sydney are continually â€Å"boasting† (49) about Jadine’s success to the point that Margaret calls Ondine â€Å"Mother Superior† (84). In return, they seem to want Jadine to offer them safety for the rest of their lives as Ondine claims that â€Å"Nothing can happen to us as long as she’s here† (102). They are not comfortable with the idea of Jadine marrying Ryk, who is â€Å"white but European which was not as bad as white and American† (48), but they are terrified of her running off with a â€Å"no-count Negro† (193) like Son. Although their views on racial hierarchies seem to alter from time to time, on the outside they seem to want what is best for Jadine. Jadine refute Ondine’s views of black womanhood when she tells her some of the things that are expected of her from society Jadine tells Ondine that: â€Å"I don’t want to learn how to be the kind of woman you’re talking about because I don’t want to be that kind of woman† (282). This, according to Rayson (1998), might be interpreted as Jadine’s â€Å"rejecting the roles of mother, daughter, and woman to stay the tar baby† (Rayson, 95), however it marks her becoming aware of what kind of woman she is by the end of the novel. Jadine‘s inclination toward upward social mobility leads to her separation from the Afro-American roots and the tar quality that Morrison advocates. This kind of flaw in Jadine effectively disqualifies her as a black woman capable of nurturing a family and by large the community. Jadine‘s perception of an ancestral relationship from which she is estranged occurs when she sees an African woman in a Parisian bakery. When she is celebrating her success as model evidenced in her appearance on the cover of Elle, Jadine becomes nervous or perhaps uncomfortable by the African woman in yellow attire. She triggers an identity crisis in Jadine at the moment when she should have felt more secure with her professional achievement assured by beauty and education. In his African woman, Jadine catches a glimpse of beauty, a womanliness, an innate elegance, a nurturer, an authenticity that she had never known before: ? That woman‘s woman – that mother/sister/she/; that unphotographable beauty? (p. 43). By calling the African woman ? that mother/sister/she,? J. Deswal (online source â€Å"Tar Baby- Shodhganga) claims that â€Å"Morrison presents a threefold definition of womanhood which can thrive within the confines of family and community only. The three eggs she balances effortlessly in her ? tar-black fingers? (p. 44) appear to Jadine as if the woman were boasting of her own easy acceptance of womanhood†. Wendy Harding and Jacky Martin in A World of Difference: An Inter-cultural Study of Toni Morrison explain the importance of the African woman‘s presence as such: â€Å"Whereas Jadine has just been rewarded for her conformity to Western ideals of feminity, the African woman suggests a more powerful version of black womanhood. Like some fertility goddess, she holds in her hand the secret of life. She is the mother of the world in whose black hands whiteness appears as something as easily crushed as cared for (71). When Jadine measures herself by the idea of black womanhood that she sees in the African woman the insecurities of her rootless condition surface in her mind. The women in yellow makes Jadine confront her female role and her sexuality†. Jadine sees ? something in her eyes so powerful? (p. 42) that she follows the woman out of the store. The writers also claim that â€Å"As a symbol of repudiation of Jadine‘s westernized lifestyle, the African woman ? looks right at Jadine? (p. 43) and spits on the pavement†. Jadine hates the woman for her spitting, but what she cannot do is escape feeling ? lonely in a way; lonely and inauthentic? as she tells the readers on page 45. When the sense of self is based on the denial of one‘s ethnic roots, one is certain to experience mental chaos and alienation. So, the woman‘s insult to Jadine had the powerful effect of challenging Jadine‘s choices: her white boyfriend, her girlfriends in New York, her parties, her picture on the cover of Elle and the way she lived her life. One can say that it is as a result of the African woman that Jadine desided to visit her aunt and uncle on the island. Jadine is confused and even questions her plans to marry Ryk, her white boyfriend: I wonder if the person he wants to marry is me or a black girl? And if it isn‘t me he wants, but any black girl who looks like me, talks and acts like me, what will happen when he finds out that I hate ear hoops, that I don‘t have to straighten my hair, that Mingus puts me to sleep, that sometimes I want to get out of my skin and be only the person inside – not American – not black – just me? (p. 45) It is through Son, however, that Morrison offers Jadine the ultimate opportunity to ‘redeem’ herself to her heritage, adapt it and revive her womanhood. Son picks up from where the African woman left off in a sense by making Jadine confront her inauthenticity. Jadine and Son enjoys their stay in New York because it is the place where Jadine feels at ease. She feels loved and safe: ? He ‘unorphaned’ her completely and gave her a brand-new childhood? (p. 231). In turn, Son is encouraged by her need and by his apparent ability to redefine Jadine culturally and emotionally. Son insists that he and Jadine goes to Eloe his hometown where Jadine will see how Son is rooted in family and cultural heritage. He attempts to rescue Jadine from her ignorance and disdain for her cultural heritage, trying in a sense to mould Jadine into the image of his black female ancestors. Son assumes that a relationship with Jadine will mean that they will have children together. He presses claims for family and community: ? He smiled at the vigour of his own heartbeat at the thought of her having his baby? (p. 220). Thus, he wants Jadine to love the nurturing aspects of home and fraternity. He is fed on dreams of his community women. The dreams of ? yellow houses with white doors? and ? fat black ladies in white dresses minding the pie table? (p. 119) are nourishment to Son. Sandra Pouchet Paquet (The ancestors as foundation in their eyes were watching god and tar baby) observes: ? In Son‘s dreams of Eloe, the African-American male ego is restored in a community of black man at the center of a black community. But however appreciative Son is of the beauty, the strength, and the toughness of black women; his vision is of male dominance; of the black women as handmaiden? (511). The image feminity that Son cherishes – of the black woman taking passive role as a nurturer of the hearth – is flagrantly opposite to Jadine‘s perception of the modern black woman. This terrifies Jadine and narrows the possibility of their forming a family. The modern, educated black woman seems to snivel at the aspects of traditional female- specific role as the nurturer of hearth and home. Decadent white values and life style thwart the black woman’s vital roles of building families and raising children. The modern black woman cannot be a complete human being, for she allows her education to keep her career separate from her nurturing role. The black woman is increasingly becoming able to define her own status and to be economically independent. She tries to seek equality in her relationship with men. Robert Staples gives an insight into the faltering dynamics of modern couples: ? What was once a viable institution because women were a subservient group has lost its value for some people in these days of women‘s liberation. The stability of marriage was contingent on the woman accepting her place in the home and not creating dissension by challenging the male‘s prerogatives? (125). The black woman‘s intrinsic quality of ? accepting her place in the home? is Morrison‘s tar quality. However, in advocating the tar quality Morrison does not admonish the educational and professional accomplishments of the black woman. In fact, the black woman is expected to achieve a balance between her roles in the domestic and professional fields. â€Å"It is the historical ability of black women to keep their families and careers together. In an era where both the black male and female seek to fulfill individual desires, relationships falter and, consequently, the prospects of the propagation of a family are not too bright. Jadine‘s tar quality is submerged by the white-like urge for freedom and self-actualization. As a result, she finds the conventions of black womanhood antithetical to her own value system†. At Eloe, Jadine is determined to resist rigid male-female role categorization. Jadine cannot ? understand (or accept) her being shunted off with Ellen and the children while the men grouped on the porch and after a greeting, ignored her? (p. 248). While at Eloe, Jadine is provided with yet another chance to attain certain qualities that is for black women. She is accustomed to living an upper-class white lifestyle so she finds the people of Eloe limited and backward. Their stifling little shacks are more foreign to her than the hotel-like splendor of Valerian‘s mansion. She stays in Aunt Rosa‘s house where she feels claustrophobically enclosed in a dark, windowless room. She feels ? she might as well have been in a cave, a grave, the dark womb of the earth, suffocating with the sound of plant life moving, but deprived of its sight? (p. 254). It is in this very room where Jadine and Son were having sex that she had a second awakening vision, which is more frightening than the one she had in Paris about the African Woman. Here, Older, black, fruitful and nurturing women – her own dead mother, her Aunt Ondine, Son‘s dead wife, the African woman in yellow and other black women of her past – become a threatening part of Jadine‘s dreams: I have breasts too,‘ she said or thought or willed, I have breasts too. ‘ But they didn‘t believe her. They just held their own higher and pushed their own farther out and looked at her,? (p. 261) and ? the night women were not merely against her not merely looking superior over their sagging breasts and folded stomachs, they seemed somehow in agreement with each other about her, and were all determined to punish her for having neglected her cultural heritage. They wanted to bind the person she had become and choke it with their breasts. The night women? accuse Jadine for trading the ? ancient properties? (p. 308) of being a daughter, mother, and a woman for her upward mobility and self-enhancement. All these women are punishing Jadine for her refusal to define herself in relation to family, historical tradition and culture. As they ‘brandish’ their breasts before her eyes, they mock and insult her with their feminity. Jadine finds these women backward and sees no self-fulfilling value in the roles that they serve. However, she is constantly haunted by dreams of the black female image that she seems to have lost throughout life. Ondine express shame and disappointment over her lack of concern for her family, the African woman, at the Parisian bakery, spits at her in disgust and the night women, in the vision at Eloe taunt her with their nurturing breasts. Having refuted her own black culture and heritage, Jadine face the consequence of a divided consciousness and a mental death. Her decision to end the love affair with Son— ? I can‘t let you hurt me again? (p. 274) is an evidence of her shunning womanhood and losing her Afro- American roots as she chooses Ryk her white boyfriend over Son who refused to become the person or image that Jadine wants him to be . Jadine is compelled to make her choice and she decides that it is in Paris, away from Son, where there are prospects of financial success and personal independence. She doesn‘t want what Son and Eloe have to offer: To settle for wifely competence when she could be a beauty queen or to settle for fertility rather than originality and nurturing instead of building? (p. 271). Jadine makes it clear to the reader that she is self-sufficient and independent of men, family and community.

The Dream Act Essay -- Immigration

Being an undocumented student in the U.S is literally being cursed for being born outside the country because one will find virtually all doors to the American Dream closed. Apparently working hard, graduating from high school, living here mostly a whole life, and the desire to become someone successful and contribute to this country is not enough in the eyes of the opponents to the Dream Act to qualify for neutralization. All aspirations and hopes for a better future vanish when one finds out that it’s impossible to attend a university or find a job because proof of citizenship is required. All AB 540 students experience this situation and the Dream Act is the solution to stop these sufferings. The Dream Act is a bill that was first introduced in the senate in 2001 and has been reintroduced several times but has not been successful. This bill would provide AB 540 students conditional permanent residency, allow them to qualify for some federal and state financial assistance, and after completing certain strict requirements they would soon be able to apply for their citizenship. The Dream Act should be passed not only to be fair to AB 540 students, but for the benefit of our economy, baby boomers, and the future of the United States. The Dream Act establishes a rigorous process for AB 540 students and they must meet several strict requirements. This means that not all undocumented students would qualify; only the fortunate, the brightest and overachievers would qualify. Generally â€Å"they must prove that they came to the United States before the age of 16, have lived here for at least five years, do not have a criminal record, are not removable from the country and possess good moral character† (Duncan A.19"). These students mus... ...oto, Lourdes Diaz. "IMMIGRATION TO THE U.S." The Praeger Handbook of Latino Education in the U.S. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 16 Sept. 2014. "Standing Up for Immigrant Students." Rethinking Schools Vol. 18, No. 2. Winter 2003: 4-5. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 12 Oct 2014. Susan, Farley. Class Lecture. Allan Hancock College Room C-35, Santa Maria Ca. 3 Nov. 2014. Lecture. "The DREAM Act." Immigration Policy Center. Web. 8 Nov. 2014. . "Kick-starting Immigration Reform." The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company, 12 May 2011. A.20. ProQuest direct. Web. 20 Sept. 2014. Warner, Judith. "Education Costs.", â€Å"Social Security and Baby Boomers.† Battleground Immigration. Greenwood Group, 2009. 267-273, 784-785. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). EBSCO. Web. 30 Sept. 2014.

Bio of Jonathan Swift :: essays papers

Bio of Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin on November 30, 1667. His father had died before his birth, and soon after he was born, his mother returned to Leicestershire. He was left in the care of his three uncles, particularly his Uncle Godwin. It is believed that this situation, along with his unstable homelife, led to a sense of insecurity and abandonment that he carried with him for the rest of his life. At age 6, he was sent to the best school in Ireland, the Kilkenny School. Then at age 15 he entered Trinity College, located in Dublin. He did not pay much attention to his studies, and in 1686 he received his degree speciali grata (by special favor). He continued studies at Trinity in hopes of gaining an advanced degree, but because of political unrest he was forced to move to England in 1689. In England, he worked as a secretary to Sir William Temple at Moor Park, Surrey. Swift worked with Temple, a diplomat and writer who was preparing his memoirs, for the next 10 years. It was here that he met Esther Johnson, the love of his life, whom he nicknamed Stella. Simultaneously, he attended Oxford where he receive his M.A. in 1692. He wished to enter politics but settled instead for the church, in which he was ordained in 1694. In January of 1695 he was ordained priest , Prebend of Kilroot. In 1697 he wrote The Battle of the Books, which was later published in 1704. In the later 1690’s he wrote The Tale of the Tub, his first published work. When Temple died in 1699, Swift went back to England as chaplain to the Earl of Berkely. In 1700, he became one of the canons of St. Patrick’s Cathedral and wrote articles and letters for the English Whigs. In 1702 he moved back to England in hope of political appointment, and it was here that he published A Tale of the Tub. It was a satire on corruption in religion and learning. Battle of the Books was a mock heroic satire. The dazzling irony of these works earned him notoriety but no appointment. The Bickerstaff Papers (1707-09), some of which first appeared in Richard Steele’s Tatler, a newspaper to which Swift often contributed, demolished the pretensions of John Partridge, a popular astrologer.

Analysis of Lady Macbeth Essay

When James Brown sings that â€Å"this is a man’s world, but it wouldn’t be nothing, nothing without a woman or a girl† (Brown), this is true for both Lady Macbeth and Bianca. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth and The Taming of the Shrew, Lady Macbeth and Bianca are both female characters who struggle for power in a man’s world, one rejects femininity and the other exploits it. Lady Macbeth consciously attempts to reject her feminine sensibility and adopt a male mentality by calling upon murdering spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood; Stop up the access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall (Macbeth 1.5.41-49), only because she perceives that her society equates feminine qualities with weakness. In this quote Lady Macbeth gives a vivid image of being stripped of her femininity in order to achieve masculine qualities. She is asking for the spirits to take away her compassion and fear so no forces of goodness invade her conscience to stop her from proceeding to murder Duncan. Although she is very loyal, she rejects her subordinate role as wife to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth challenges her husband’s manhood by being more aggressive than he is, taunting him, and suggesting, â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man† (Macbeth 1.7.55). Where Lady Macbeth rejects femininity and openly taunts in her relationship with Macbeth, Bianca manipulates men in a whole different way. Bianca is younger and praised daughter of Baptitsa Minola in The Taming of the Shrew. When reading, she is surrounded by doting dad, jealous sister, and suitors that are just begging for a piece of her. Only because she is the ideal 16th-century woman, appearing to be chaste, obedient, and silent, qualities her sister Kate certainly does not possess. Lucentio notes the appeal of Bianca in comparison with Kate when he says â€Å"But in the other’s silence do I see/ Maid’s mild behavior and sobriety† (The Taming of the Shrew 1.1.71-72). Stating that in compare to her sister she is quiet and well behaved, just as she should be. But later on in the book it is revealed that she is just as deceptive, disobedient, and shrewish as she appeared sweet and silent in the beginning.

Free Essays on Nursing Process And Implications For Parkisons Disease

Nursing Process and Implications/Teaching Parkinson’s disease In any patient a thoughrough history and assessment is needed. After obtaining this data you will be able to loosely classify the extent/level of Parkinsonism that is being exhibited by the patient. There are five stages; Stage 1: Involvement of one limb, slight change in speech, tremor may be noticed. Small changes also in facial expression, posture, and movement. Stage 2: Two limbs now are involved. Here early postural changes, some social withdrawal, and possible depression are seen. Stage 3: Gait disturbances that are significant and moderate generalized disability. Stage 4: Akinesia (abnormal state of motor and psychic hypoactivity or muscle paralysis), rigidity, and severe disability. Stage 5: Unable to stand or walk even perform any and all activities of daily living are gone. Being able to classify Parkinson patients allows for better and proper nursing and medical care to be given. Knowing where the patient is at, what they have been through, and where they are going next makes it much easier for the nurse or caregiver to set up a plan of care. While there are good medications on the market for Parkinson’s disease, their side effects can be less than desirable. Simple nursing interventions/implications can help relieve or make the side effects more tolerable. For dry mouth, offer sugarless candy or gum, ice, sips of water frequently, and enforce good oral hygiene. For blurred vision, explain to the patient that it will more than likely go away after a few weeks. Also assist the patient with activity that good vision is needed. Constipation can be a problem, so encouraging a high fiber diet and lots of water (if not contraindicated) is a good move. Constantly assess and reassess for abdominal distention, absent bowel sounds, nausea and vomiting, and epigastric pain. All of this could point toward paralytic il... Free Essays on Nursing Process And Implications For Parkison's Disease Free Essays on Nursing Process And Implications For Parkison's Disease Nursing Process and Implications/Teaching Parkinson’s disease In any patient a thoughrough history and assessment is needed. After obtaining this data you will be able to loosely classify the extent/level of Parkinsonism that is being exhibited by the patient. There are five stages; Stage 1: Involvement of one limb, slight change in speech, tremor may be noticed. Small changes also in facial expression, posture, and movement. Stage 2: Two limbs now are involved. Here early postural changes, some social withdrawal, and possible depression are seen. Stage 3: Gait disturbances that are significant and moderate generalized disability. Stage 4: Akinesia (abnormal state of motor and psychic hypoactivity or muscle paralysis), rigidity, and severe disability. Stage 5: Unable to stand or walk even perform any and all activities of daily living are gone. Being able to classify Parkinson patients allows for better and proper nursing and medical care to be given. Knowing where the patient is at, what they have been through, and where they are going next makes it much easier for the nurse or caregiver to set up a plan of care. While there are good medications on the market for Parkinson’s disease, their side effects can be less than desirable. Simple nursing interventions/implications can help relieve or make the side effects more tolerable. For dry mouth, offer sugarless candy or gum, ice, sips of water frequently, and enforce good oral hygiene. For blurred vision, explain to the patient that it will more than likely go away after a few weeks. Also assist the patient with activity that good vision is needed. Constipation can be a problem, so encouraging a high fiber diet and lots of water (if not contraindicated) is a good move. Constantly assess and reassess for abdominal distention, absent bowel sounds, nausea and vomiting, and epigastric pain. All of this could point toward paralytic il...

Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay Example

Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay Example Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay with a construct that individuals are born with chance of being self-constructive every bit good as irrational ( Self destructive ) . They possess self saving inherent aptitudes. He concludes by saying that our challenges are entirely caused by our deformed ideas.[ 4 ]Gerald Corey in his book observed that the Cognitive Behaviour attack frequently play down on emotions without the geographic expedition of cardinal struggles. It neglects the importance of the Client s personal history. It concludes by stating that the R.E.B.T being a confrontational therapy could take to headlong surcease, while the C.B.T might be excessively officially prearranged for some Clients. However, all through the old ages this attack, by manner of uninterrupted rating has attained a high grade of answerability which makes room for ego directed plans for behavioral alteration.[ 5 ] Humanist Approach On the other manus, the Humanistic attack ( or individual centred ) reding frequently called the third force which was explained in Kavita Singh s book Counselling accomplishments for directors , has its subject based on assisting relationships whereby all human interactions is aimed to the realisation of Psychological growing or Maturity. This attack was propounded by Carl Rogers. It is based on a hypothesis that one s position of oneself within the context of environment influences one s actions and personal satisfactions .[ 6 ] Another popular theoretical account in Humanistic Approach to Counselling is the Abraham Maslow s hierarchy of demands which harmonizing to CSCT Counselling brochure says that the Hierarchy of demands which relates to inspiration by two factors, viz. guaranting continued being by fulfillment of basic bodily and mental demands and secondly the demand for self realization or realisation of a individual s full potency. These assorted demands, is projected from the base of a trigon to the vertex from Physiological, Safety, Belonging, Recognition needs and in conclusion self realization demands.[ 7 ]Albert Ellis the Founder of Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy ( R.E.B.T ) has pinpointed a defect in the humanistic attack to reding saying that it is frequently excessively soft and fails to get by with the truth that individuals can practically self-destruct through absurd and littered thought.[ 8 ]However, Harmonizing to William Stewart s book its strength is based on the fact that it f acilitates discourse with Multicultural groups amongst assorted cultural population. It besides compliments Client s ideal, non-judgemental attitude, freedom on what Clients want to be explored in Sessionss.[ 9 ] Psychodynamic Approach Psychodynamic attack to reding harmonizing to Windy Dryden and Jill Milton s book is based on Psychoanalytical theories such as the theoretical account and pattern of Sigmund Freud where the Centre of attending is on the rule that a great portion of our mental operation is unconscious. The unconscious portion of our memories contains ideas and feelings which we have subdued in order to besiege hurting and struggle they might do. It farther provinces that despite the points of idea being out of head they do have serious impact on behaviors, ideas and feelings.[ 10 ] Similarly, another Psychodynamic attack is the Attachment and Loss theoretical account by John Bowlby, which harmonizing to William Stewart s book focuses on heartache as an look of separation anxiousness and intense desire to recapture the doomed relationship . He gave illustrations of such loss to run from beloved 1s, material objects, a portion of the individual eg a limb, an event such as divorce, etc.[ 11 ]While this attack finds its strength in being applicable to groups and persons, harmonizing to Gerald Corey its restriction is that the healers require extended preparation period while costs to the clients are rather expensive. The Psychoanalytical attack to reding takes attention of Biological and instinctual facets at the disregard of societal, cultural and interpersonal issues . It is constantly non applicable to typical day-to-day life issues and non suited for cultural and cultural groups. It has besides being realized that a great figure of clients lack the self-est eem energy required for good rehabilitation.[ 12 ] Background of Christian Counselling Harmonizing to Newman s book there are no common attacks to Christian Counselling, he made mention to Charles Kollar who researched that bulk of Pastor really adopt cognitive behavioral attack to therapy. In position of the deficiency of uniformity in practise some Curates do wholly fling the term Christian Counselling for Biblical Counselling which is specific and welcoming. However, it was historically observed that Reding in Christendom was called Pastoral attention which to mentions from the books of Gregory the Great, Martin Luther, John Wesley, etc. They so concentrated on supplications, confessions, forgiveness and general application of Biblical rules to day-to-day Living. This continued until the clip of Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis and the humanistic attacks produced pastoral Counselling which finally created struggles particularly with the obvious opposition in accommodating the Bible rules with secular attacks.[ 13 ] Emerging Counselling Models Consequently, Eric L Johnson and Stanton L Jones in the book Psychology and Christianity gave inside informations of the debut of Nouthetic reding whic was brought approximately by Jay Adams after vehemently opposing the secular guidance attacks as being counter to Christianity. Adams propounded ( from Nouthetic reding ) that Christian Counselling should be of Biblical footing with Sin being Centre of attending, since it is responsible for most psychological challenges. He so detailed the construct in his book Competent to advocate .[ 14 ]Other Models harmonizing to Newman are Discipleship Counselling by Gary Collins and Effective Biblical Counselling by Lawrence Crabb.[ 15 ] Integration Debates of Ssecular and Christian Counselling. Harmonizing to John W Hibler s diary, the argument possessed two sides viz. : those who believe that the Bible is equal and farther public-service corporation of modern Psychology and psychotherapy simply pollutes the Bible truth, therefore no accomplishable integrating and on the other manus are integrationist with the statement that general Revelation is a justifiable beginning of truth hence prefer a cautious usage of Modern Theory and methods controlled by scriptural divinity and Christian Worldview. Hibler farther stated that the integrationist based their statement upon the tenet of general disclosure or New Testament citations which indicated the adequateness of Christ and the religious gift of the church. Hibler nevertheless based his composing on the undermined position point of the Old Testament wisdom literature viz. the book of Proverbs which implies that the manner of wisdom pave the manner to honesty and guiltless Character, a life lived in the fright of the Lord. ( Prov. 1:1-7, 2: 1-22, 8: 1-21 ) . With wisdom and righteousness being on the same tract, a wise adult male and righteous adult male are indistinguishable. ( Prov. 8:20 ; 9:9 ) .[ 16 ] Similarly, Siang-Yang Tan in his book identifies the statement that supports the use of specific or curative methods used in reding and therapy, but should be in harmoniousness with the Bible. This attack was exemplified by McMinn and Campbell ( 2007 ) who used integrative psychotherapeutics, which entails behavioral, cognitive and interpersonal theoretical accounts which are within the Christian Theological frame work.[ 17 ] Furthermore, harmonizing to Jef De Vriese s Journal, He observed that the job relief factors of both secular and Christian guidance are common hence one could ab initio presume that they are collaborated. However, on farther examining secular reding maps from Human resources therefore humanistic. Contrastingly, Christian guidance is directed towards God. Most outstanding point is that Self geographic expedition in Christian guidance has an external point of attending which is God and his Word. They restrict the flight of emotions but route them through reshaping of ideas behind them. Vriese pointed out assorted points from Christian reding argument point of positions as follows ; that Non-specific healing factor from secular reding are across-the-board in the bible hence a priceless theoretical account based on the Bibles can be developed. Any Counselling Model that does non hold God at its focal point is Unacceptable The undermentioned books of the Bible are in harmony with this fact ; Romans 14:23, 1st Cor. 10:31 which does non hold religion and God s program for this universe. Rom 7: 5 he who is non with me is against me and he who does non garner with me spreads The lone manner Christian guidance can utilize secular methods is by reshaping so from Biblical point. Penetrations from secular guidance can function as a agency to convey out methods already in the Bible such as method of believing as in Cognitive restructuring. The purification and reformation theoretical accounts supports the demand to really reform or sublimate elements from the secular guidance to be biblically acceptable before they can be utilized. The bible as a Handbook truly provides all that is needed to populate a fulfilled life but the How to use the content in complex state of affairs remains unsolved in Christain guidance.[ 18 ] Vriese nevertheless concludes with the Challenge that researches could so be developed in support of integrating but with the position to guarantee public-service corporation of all secular attacks to reding that does non oppose Biblical truths. Summarily, after sing assorted sides of the argument, I agree with the statement of Micninn and Campbell which demonstrated that utile infusions can be made from secular reding to the extent to which they do non hold any contradiction with Biblical positions. This position was besides in understanding with Vriese assorted points, as the purification reformation theoretical accounts, and the theoretical account amongst others that takes portion of secular reding applicable to Christian guidance by manner of cognitive restricting.

Is AP World History Hard Expert Discussion

Is AP World History Hard Expert Discussion SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP World History seems like it would be a pretty hard class. There's so much to cover - I mean, it's everything that's ever happened to humans! But how much do you reallyneed to know? And how do people usually do on the AP test? In this article, I will examine five different factors to make a conclusion about the difficulty level of AP World History. What Factors Determine the Difficulty of an AP Class? Before we try to answer the question at hand ("Is AP World History hard?"), let's go over the factors that determine how challenging a particular AP class is. There are five factors, grouped into three categories: Testing Statistics This section deals with hard data about students' performance on the AP exam. Passing Rate The passing rate is the percentage of students who earn 3s or above on the AP exam.A low passing rate taken at face value indicates a harder test.However, sometimes classes that are more popular have artificially low passing rates because there’s a higher proportion of underpreparedstudents in the testing pool. It’s important to consider the passing rate in context. Five Rate The five rate is the percentage of students earning 5s on the AP exam.This can be a slightly more accurate indicator of difficulty than the passing rate because it shows how hard it is to master the material.Still, the five rate can also be affected by the popularity of the class, so it’s important to keep that information in mind. Objective and Subjective Assessments of the Content These factors relate to the actual difficulty of the course content according to students and educators. Objective Content Difficulty This is determined by the scope of the content and the types of skills required in the class to be successful. Courses with a large volume of complex content are going to be more challenging.Sometimes, these objectively difficult courses have strangely high passing rates and five rates because only the most dedicated students are willing to take them. Student Testimonials Student opinions of the class are important to consider apart from an objective assessment of the content.Is there a ton of homework? Do you have to do projects all the time?Even if the content isn’t the most complex, these factors can make a big difference in the time commitment required for the class. Timing When do students take the class? If it’s freshman or sophomore year, this can cause students to perceive the content as more difficult, since they may not be used to AP classes yet.If students are encouraged to wait until junior or senior year to take the class, they might compare their experience to other AP classes and come up with a more reliable assessment of how hard the class is. There's a big difference between sophomore year and senior year. For example, this girl gained the confidence to express her true self with a unique fashion statement. Seriously, though, graduation robes are hideous. We need to kill that tradition. What Do Statistics Say About the AP World History Exam? First, I’d like to note that AP World Historyis one of the more popular AP exams;265,308 students took it in 2015!The only AP exams to surpass that number of participants were US History, Psychology, US Government, English Literature Composition, English Language Composition, and Calculus AB. The popularity of this exam means that five rates and passing rates may be skewed lower.The greater the number of students taking an exam, the more likely it is that a large proportion of them will come into it underprepared. This often happens whenan AP is closely related to a class many students need to take to graduate (like world history). Sometimes students are pushed into the AP version of the class when they aren't ready or when they have little interest in the material but have to take the class to fulfill graduation requirements. On the other hand, if an exam is less popular, the students who take it are usually interested inthe subject and, therefore, more likely to be well-prepared for the test. In these cases, they've typically chosen to take a class outside of core requirements because they want to learn more about the subject. The 2016 passing rate for the AP World History exam was 51.2 percent.The only exams with lower passing rates were Physics 1, Environmental Science, and US Government.We can say definitively that this is a low passing rate compared to most other AP exams. The popularity of the test can partially account for the lower passing rate, but it’s so close to the bottom of the stack that it does seem to indicate a difficult test.More shockingly, the average document-based question score in 2016 was only 2.96 out of 9 points! This emphasizes the difficulty of the document-based question in particular for most students. Now, let’s take a look at the five rate.The 2016 five rate was a 6.5 percent, which isvery low by anyone’s standards.Only Physics 1 and Biology had lower five rates in 2016.Like the passing rate, this also seems to indicate that AP World History is a difficult test.Although test popularity can partially account for such a low five rate, the rate is so low that it points to a high inherent difficulty level. Just like five-star reviews, fives on the AP World History exam are hard to come by. Is the AP World History Content Difficult? For this class, you’re dealing with the entirety of human history. It would seem that the content is difficult just based on its scope! That's a little deceptive, though.The class is mainly about being able to understand long-term trends in history and identify how the five themes of the course relate to events throughout the six designated historical eras.It’s slightly different from classes like US History and European History, which focus more on specifics. AP World History requires critical thinking about the relevance of particular themes at certain historical moments (and knowledge of some specific examples to back up your conclusions).It’s not necessary to memorize everything that’s ever happened to do well, so the content isn’t as hard as it appears at first glance. Whether you find the class difficult depends partially on your skills in writing and analysis.If you’re good at those things, you’ll probably find AP World History manageable.If you have trouble answering vague thematic questions and are more memorization-oriented, the class will likely be more of a struggle. You don't have to possess Godlike powers of recall to do well in AP World History, but you DO have to know how religious beliefs shaped the formation of early civilizations. Do Students Think AP World History Is Hard? Students typically find AP World History to be a medium-difficulty class with relatively simple concepts but a significant workload. As I mentioned in the previous section, it’s more of a general overview of history compared toclasses like AP US History and AP European History. AP World Historyoffers greater flexibility in answering essay questions, and it doesn’t ask for specific facts as often.Once you have a handle on the main themes and how they connect key developments in history, you should be able to answer most questions that are thrown your way. However, there’s no denying that there’s a lot of material to cover, so you’ll have to do frequent readings and prepare for quizzes regularly.Even if you’re not struggling to master the content, you still will have to put in a significant amount of time. Most students take AP World History in 10th grade, so they’re still underclassmen who have less experience with AP classes.The fact that students are encouraged to take this class before classes like AP US History (typically taken junior year) indicates that it’s more of a basic foundational course.Also, these younger students don’t seem to think it’s an extraordinarily hard class, which supports our conclusions about the difficulty level being somewhere in the middle range. This brings up an interesting discrepancy. Why do students think the class isn't that hard when so few of them end up earning a high score on the exam?Since this is one of the first AP classes most students take, history teachers might present them with in-class assignments that are less challenging than the material on the exam. The class is likely to be less thematically-focused and more fact-based than the exam because the information is taught in smaller chunks. Students also don't necessarily know the best way to prepare for the AP exam if it's one of the first ones they've seen.Even if they do practice with real AP materials, it's common to write practice essays without adhering to realistic time constraints or do practice questions that test factual recall and not real analysis. Most students take AP World History when they are still lil' academic saplings that have yet to grow to their full potential. Will AP World History Be Hard for You? After considering the general factors in the previous sections, you should also think about your specific situation. Every student has different strengths and weaknesses, and every school is different in its treatment of the course. Here are a few steps you can take to find out exactly how hard AP World History will be for you. Ask Knowledgeable People about the Class The most reliable way to figure out if the class will be hard is to ask other students who have already taken it for their opinions.You can also ask your current history teacher what he or she thinks about the AP World History class at your school and whether it will be manageable for you.You might even talk to your guidance counselor about your options. He or she should have a good sense of how you might fare in the course based on experiences with other students. Every AP teacher does things slightly differently, so you shouldn’t make broad assumptions about the difficulty level without taking your specific situation into account.Some teachers assign tons of projects and quizzes all the time while others adopt a less intense style that’s focused on larger long-term assignments. Think About Your Academic Strengths and Weaknesses If you have strong skills in critical reading and writing, you’ll find this class easier than someone who struggles with writing and prefers questions with clearly defined answers. Strong English studentsshouldn’t have much trouble getting through this class.As I’ve mentioned, memorization isn’t as important as the ability to connect the themes of the course to events throughout history. Consider the Rest of Your Schedule It might be harder for you to manage this class if you’re also taking other classes that involve oodles of writing and memorization.It would be a big challenge to take AP World History alongside another AP history class (US or European) or one of the AP English classes, just based on the sheer amount of work.But this also depends on the way the teacher at your school structures the class and how much work you can expect on a weekly basis. Be mindful of your limits, and try not to overload yourself! Even a class that wouldn’t be that hard for you normally can become overwhelming if you have to do the work on top of a million other assignments. If you have to drag yourself through metaphorical barbed wire to overcome your limits, it's usually not worth it. Conclusion: Is AP World History Hard? Based on the factors examined in this article, AP World History is a medium-difficulty AP class, verging on slightly more difficult.The statistics indicate that the test is challenging, but it’s also taken by a large number of students, many of whom are still underclassmen whoaren’t used to APs.The content of the class is also not as hard as you might think. It’s more about making sense of broad themes than actually remembering everything that's ever happened. You’ll probably do fine if you practice honing your writing skills and keep up with the homework assignments! What's Next? Looking for ways to practice your skills in AP World History? Check out this article that lists all the practice tests that are available online. The document-based question is the scariest part of the AP World History exam for most students. Read our article on what the DBQ is and how you can prepare for it effectively. Still not sure which AP classes you want to take in high school? This article will help you decide which APs fit best with your goals and academic strengths.

Fortune 500 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fortune 500 - Essay Example Studying the different locations in which Marriott operates, as well as the marketing strategies it employs, can give one a good idea about how it is able to achieve such tremendous success. Marriot Hotels has been operating since 1927, originally springing from the business idea of a place for drinks. Slowly it expanded to a chain of hotels and restaurants, which a few decades later, expanded into Marriott International. This company is famous throughout the world for providing excellent hospitality services throughout the world. It operates today in 68 different countries including the United States of America. It has locations in developed countries like the Unites States and England, as well as developing countries like Egypt and Pakistan (Marriott International, 2011). One remarkable characteristic of all these franchises is one common to most successful multinationals: the quality of the service they provide remains constant and impressive from country to country. To study the success of a company as successful as Marriott, we need to assess their marketing strategies. One way to do this is to consider the four P’s marketing mix. ... The first of these factors is the product of the company. This factor encompasses the type of product, the diversification in the company’s product range as well as the quality and standardization of the product. In the case of Marriott, the company’s product is hospitality service. They provide a five star hotel service to their customers, and they are ranked as not only a fortune 500 company, but also one of the top hotel chains operating on an international scale. The product of this company is unlike that of a mere bed and breakfast inn. The international standards of hotel management, hygiene, courteous service, and food are amongst the several characteristics, which set its product apart from the rest. There prevails a high rate of customer satisfaction that correlates with the services that Marriott provides. A very important aspect of a company’s product is the brand name that it offers to the people who are choosing between different companies providing their desired service. The brand name of Marriott hotels is an internationally recognized one, which is a great contributing factor to the creation of value of this company in the hospitality market. The next factor in the marketing mix is the price, which the company charges for its product or service. This is a very important factor in any market, as it not only determines the number of customers a company has, but also the target market, which the company aims to serve. Marriott Hotels, for example, charge a heavy price for each night lodgings from their customer. Their hotel rates are similar to the rates of most five star hotels, which is therefore also an indicator of the status of the company in the hotel industry. The price that

Personalized Medicine Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personalized Medicine - Case Study Example They considered that work belongs to â€Å"dummies.† Their work ethic was to milk the restaurant till it went dry. They would steal money, avoid hard work and get rid of customers as soon as they got there. This new work ethic is outrageous; work ethic is based on hard-work and diligence, which is not the case in this Sheehy report. The new ethic at Sheehy’s work place was a type of â€Å"gamesmanship.† Employees cared about themselves and developed mysterious tactics of getting more money. I have experienced this kind of attitude in different work places. I once worked with employees who were dishonest and they would do anything to get that extra money. The company I worked for dealt with cosmetics and so our job was to sell and promote their products. Some attitudes that Sheehy has described may seem exaggerated but they are not very different from those I have experienced. My colleagues were a little discreet when carrying out their evil plans, unlike those in Sheehy’s report who purposely tried to provoke the management. My colleagues used to steal money cautiously because they did not want to lose their job. They called this â€Å"beating the system,† they complained of doing so much and getting minimal salaries. This meant getting what they wanted without following the company’s policies. ... The future of American business is not bright, with this kind of work ethic. A business where employees steal does not develop as expected. A business where customers are treated horribly cannot grow either, customers make the largest percentage of a business and without them there is no business. The future of American business is doomed unless the management does something about it. Some managers employ unqualified staff who do not respect them or their businesses. For instance, Sheehy reports that the majority of people working in his work place were students who were only there to make money (Shaw, 2010). These students did not take their job seriously and so they shouldn’t have been employed. They were doing harm to the business than good. They stole money and drove customers away and they did this without even hiding it from the management; they did not mind provoking their manager. With this kind of work ethic, there can never be a great future for American business. An y business should be taken seriously and to run a good business, both the employees and the employer must have same goals and objectives. Goals that create a profitable business; where employees understand the policies of the business, and where the employer meets the needs of the employees satisfactorily; this will lessen these kinds of encounters. 3. Explain whether it is more reasonable to expect workers, especially in a capitalist society, to be more devoted to their jobs, more concerned with quality and customer service, than Sheehy’s coworkers were. In this capitalist society, it is reasonable to expect employees who are devoted to their work and more concerned with quality and customer service than Sheehy’s colleagues. Sheehy’s coworkers are not the

Wal Mart - Economic part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal Mart - Economic part - Essay Example The primary data I used to get a glimpse of the nature of issues facing Wal-Mart included visiting a number of branches and observing the in-store traffic. I also observed the type of customers by age and observed the items that they picked as their preferences. I also interviewed the customers about the nature of services that they expect to find in all Wal-Mart stores. The secondary data I used include scrutinizing the monthly and annual sales report that is compiled by employees. I also read the company report that shows its annual expansion rate. Although Wal-Mart has experienced a remarkable growth and expansion in its market over the years, there still exists a large market for expansion in both domestic and overseas market. This if exploited will enable it to continue dominating grocery retail and consumer goods markets. With this kind of expansion, Wal-Mart would become the market leader by revenue and profitability. Wal-Mart can also take advantage of the economic opportunities by target different segments, especially the more affluent populations. This requires demystify the notion that discount prices are only meant for those with low incomes. Serious awareness is needed that discount stores and there to save money for all citizens as a way of improving their economic status. To appeal to all classes of customers, there is need to increase product availability by increasing the number of each product line. Wal-Mart will continue to lead the market because low prices will always attract customers. This is may remain a competitive advantage for Wal-Mart for a long time since the global economy is experiencing recession and may remain so for a long foreseeable future. Wal-Mart can overcome competition by offering to better prices by adopting the most effective supply, high quality products, and therefore becoming different from its competitors. It has the most effective supply chain

Team Roles and Team Formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Team Roles and Team Formation - Essay Example Some of them are indeed positive while others are negative. The medley of thoughts includes the joy of working together and the fulfillment of a goal achieved and the conflicts, the time consuming discussions and the communication barriers. From the first appearance of man on earth, mankind was working in teams. Through out their lives humankind is in one or other teams. There are football teams, firefighting teams, singing teams, card clubs and political parties. Moreover, we are all born in a family, which is also an example of a team. A team may be called a group people who are dependent on one another to reach a common goal. Now a team should function efficiently to achieve the goal for it has a purpose for its existence. However, research in this field of human behavior is lamentable inadequate: Discouragingly, but not unexpectedly, the research effort seems weakest in those situations where the risks are highest and the tasks are most complex (Schein and Bennis 1965) There are lot of advantages and disadvantages in working in a team. However, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and by careful use of educational tools, the disadvantages can be mitigated. The most important advantage of teamwork is better outcome from efforts. Teams have shown better adaptability to the changing needs of the market place. They are also more sensitive to the needs of the clients and are better in using changing technology. The teams can give better imputes and there is always a relation between the input and the outcome. In team work there is more involvement of every one and hence more desire to get the job done. Moreover, teamwork enhances the circle of communication and the usual communication hurdles in inter- personal communication is got over in teamwork. The shared information also enhances the opportunity to learn more and the chance to bring together different perspective due to difference between people. Teamwork also derives more satisfaction as pe rsons, as a major portion of our time is spent at our work and our work place might offer the chance to enter into enduring friendship. Working in a team should be like going for ones favorite game. The main disadvantage of teamwork is that it is time consuming. This is all the more so when the team is in being set up, which can lead to too many meetings. It is difficult to time meetings to suit the convenience of all and decision-making can be painfully slow. If the group is made up of individuals who are capable of performing alone, it will require lot of reorientation in their thinking to make themselves suitable for performing in a group. In a group, individuals may skulk work thinking their lack of contribution will not be noticed. In teamwork personality, disorders may surface resulting in conflicts, which can aggravate in resulting in lack of effective performance. Just as groups have their inherent strength, they have also their weaknesses. One of the common dangers in teamwork is formation of exclusive subgroups, which do not fall in line with the mainstream thinking and policy of the group. The greatest danger however is the phenomenon called groupthink, which can nega te innovation. Groupthink is the result of complacency about the past performance and the feeling that the groups can never go wrong. In spite of these, draw back group work has been

Analysis and results Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis and results - Dissertation Example One of the most important questions asked in this survey was the method used by the RNs to screen for PPD. None of the nurses reported using any screening tools for the evaluation of PPD. The commonly used methods for the evaluation of PPD were found to be: asking general questions or identifying risk factors during the postpartum office visit; telephonic questioning when patients called to inquire about any queries, concerns or symptoms that they have; as a part of the documentation for the admissions database during the admission for delivery and during chart review or as a part of the routine history during the obstetric visits. Amongst these, the most common method was chart review or while obtaining obstetric history, during which the two main questions asked were whether the patient has had any prior episodes of PPD in previous pregnancy or a history of pre-existing depression and whether she was taking any medications. This practice is in stark contrast to the recommendations for the screening of PPD in the existing literature. ... â€Å" to develop a rapport with the patients and enable them to share their experiences. This practice is in concordance with the existing literature as some studies advocate the use of simple, open ended questions such as â€Å"Are you sad and depressed?† and â€Å"Have you had a loss of pleasurable activities?† as an initial screen for PPD. The use of such questions helps the women in opening up and sharing their experiences and concerns (Goldbort, 2006). There are also several shortcomings of the above mentioned methods for the screening of PPD. First, for women who are having their first baby, the question whether they experienced PPD in any prior pregnancies becomes void. Similarly, most patients who are experiencing PPD for the first time might not be on any medications and thus the question whether they are using any medications currently, is not of any use in such patients. It is thus important to use effective screening strategies which are designed to encomp ass all patients, including those who are pregnant for the first time, so that none of the patients is missed. The most common setting for PPD identified in this survey was during obstetric visits or on admission for delivery. This was followed by screening for PPD during the postpartum visit. There have been various studies conducted in order to determine the most effective screening method and setting for the screening for postpartum depression. The most appropriate and convenient settings for the screening as recommended by the current literature is during the mother’s post-partum visit or during the well child visit of the baby (Gjerdingen & Yawn, 2007; Callister, Beckstrand, & Corbet, 2010). Moreover, recently, other novel innovative strategies for screening

Team Roles and Team Formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Team Roles and Team Formation - Essay Example Some of them are indeed positive while others are negative. The medley of thoughts includes the joy of working together and the fulfillment of a goal achieved and the conflicts, the time consuming discussions and the communication barriers. From the first appearance of man on earth, mankind was working in teams. Through out their lives humankind is in one or other teams. There are football teams, firefighting teams, singing teams, card clubs and political parties. Moreover, we are all born in a family, which is also an example of a team. A team may be called a group people who are dependent on one another to reach a common goal. Now a team should function efficiently to achieve the goal for it has a purpose for its existence. However, research in this field of human behavior is lamentable inadequate: Discouragingly, but not unexpectedly, the research effort seems weakest in those situations where the risks are highest and the tasks are most complex (Schein and Bennis 1965) There are lot of advantages and disadvantages in working in a team. However, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and by careful use of educational tools, the disadvantages can be mitigated. The most important advantage of teamwork is better outcome from efforts. Teams have shown better adaptability to the changing needs of the market place. They are also more sensitive to the needs of the clients and are better in using changing technology. The teams can give better imputes and there is always a relation between the input and the outcome. In team work there is more involvement of every one and hence more desire to get the job done. Moreover, teamwork enhances the circle of communication and the usual communication hurdles in inter- personal communication is got over in teamwork. The shared information also enhances the opportunity to learn more and the chance to bring together different perspective due to difference between people. Teamwork also derives more satisfaction as pe rsons, as a major portion of our time is spent at our work and our work place might offer the chance to enter into enduring friendship. Working in a team should be like going for ones favorite game. The main disadvantage of teamwork is that it is time consuming. This is all the more so when the team is in being set up, which can lead to too many meetings. It is difficult to time meetings to suit the convenience of all and decision-making can be painfully slow. If the group is made up of individuals who are capable of performing alone, it will require lot of reorientation in their thinking to make themselves suitable for performing in a group. In a group, individuals may skulk work thinking their lack of contribution will not be noticed. In teamwork personality, disorders may surface resulting in conflicts, which can aggravate in resulting in lack of effective performance. Just as groups have their inherent strength, they have also their weaknesses. One of the common dangers in teamwork is formation of exclusive subgroups, which do not fall in line with the mainstream thinking and policy of the group. The greatest danger however is the phenomenon called groupthink, which can nega te innovation. Groupthink is the result of complacency about the past performance and the feeling that the groups can never go wrong. In spite of these, draw back group work has been

You should choose the topic about Hitler Term Paper

You should choose the topic about Hitler - Term Paper Example Adolf Hitler was born on 20th April in the year 1889, in Braunau, a small town in Austria. His father, named Alois, was a strict and short tempered person, brutal by nature. It had been stated that Adolf Hitler, in his young days, was frequently beaten up by his father. He was brought up by his father in a very strict manner. He wanted to be an artist in his early days but due to the disapproval of his father, he could not pursue his dream of being an artist. His mother Kara was an affectionate lady and used to support Adolf Hitler whenever he was depressed. As a student, he was not friendly by nature and had only few friends. He used to be very lazy. As he was not a good student and so he was not much interested to pursue the higher studies. He left his school at the age of 15 (Historylearningsite. â€Å"Adolf Hitler†). Adolf Hitler was a person with no much qualification. He did not even complete his 10th standard. He always wanted to be an artist. But his application was not accepted by the Vienna Academy of Art, as he did not have any ‘school leaving certificate’ or even till 10th educational background. His pieces of work had few human characters in them and the examining board did not entertain a landscape artist. His mother died when he was 18 years old, which was considered to a very miserable period for him. Without any source of earning or any other financial support, he was to lead a miserable life, thereafter. His only means of earning income was then through clearing the pathways of snow and by selling his painting. It was in this stage of his life when he tended to develop hatred for Jewish people which encouraged him to be against them which was in the year 1908. He wrote a book dedicated to his own life named ‘Mein Kampf’ where he mentioned this part of his life in Vienna as ‘five years of hardship and misery’. In this same book he

Black Feminist Theory Essay Example for Free

Black Feminist Theory Essay Sula is Morrison’s main character and is a perfect example of a Liberated woman. According to Lois Tysons definition of a Liberated Woman, Sula has â€Å"discovered her abilities, knows what she needs, and goes about getting it. † Along with all these activities, comes pride and independence. It began when Sula was younger as she had Nel, her best friend, by her side. â€Å"In the safe harbor of each others company they could afford to abandon the ways of other people and concentrate on their own perceptions of things,† (55). Her friendship gave her the comfort to be herself and confident on acting on her own terms. Sula continued this attitude into adulthood but not everyone agreed with her actions towards getting what she wants. Sula leaves for 10 years to go to college and live her life beyond the Bottom. When she finally comes back, she and Eva get into an argument. Eva brings up her disappointment in Sula for not settling down with a family and Sula lashes back with, †I don’t want to make somebody else. I want to make myself, † (92). She displays her aversion to not have anyone dependent on her and she wants to only care for herself. Having a family and a husband, in her opinion, would stop her from getting what she wants or needs and would put herself second in her life. Sula doesn’t want to be tied down and oppressed by a man, she wants to be independent and she’s not ashamed about being the only woman wanting her independence . When Nel finally confronts Sula about her affair with Jude, Nel accuses Sula of being proud but she responds with â€Å"‘What you talking about? I like my own dirt, Nellie. I’m not proud’,† (142). This shows how Nel, along with everyone in the bottom, thinks she’s proud or conceded, but in actuality, she’s just not ashamed of her decisions or life style. Lois Tyson continues the definition of a liberated woman with â€Å"the ‘liberated woman’ has already found herself and likes what she has found. † When sula says â€Å"I like my own dirt† she supports Tyson’s definition because Sula also â€Å"likes what she has found. † Sula’s independence, and her pride in being so, fully supports Tyson’s complete definition of a Liberated Woman. Nel’s character fits into an Emergent Woman as she â€Å"[comes] to an awareness of her own psychological and political oppresion usually through a harsh experience of initiation that makes her ready for change. † On Nel’s trip to meet her grandmother, Nel witnesses her mother’s â€Å"custard† being revealed. From then on Nel â€Å"resolved to be on guard- always. She wanted to make certain that no man ever looked at her that way. That no midnight eyes of marbled flesh would accost her and turn her into jelly† (22). Ashamed of the â€Å"jelly† or the weak substance â€Å"custard† that Morrison also associates with Helene, Nel makes certain that no man shall look at her, and make her into anything weak. In this secne, she becomes aware of her mother’s oppression and makes the decision to never allow it in her life. At the end of their trip, Nel lays in bed thinking about the possibility of ending up like her mother. To establish her independence separate from her mother, Nel states, †I’m me. I’m not their daughter. I’m not Nel. I’m me. Me,† (28). As an Emergent woman, she demonstrates her ability to make her own choices and establish her own independence. Years Later, filled with resentment towards Sula, Nel visits ill Sula in her deathbed. For years, her depression was encouraged by the thought that her husband was taken and now she is alone to take care of her children. She believed it was all Sula’s fault and she hated her for this, but one day she confronts Sula about taking Jude away from her, and Sula asks â€Å"What you mean take him away? I didn’t kill him, I just fucked him. If we were such good friends, how come you couldn’t get over it? † Nel starts to think of the idea of it not being Sula’s fault, that Jude was the one who put her through the heart break of being alone. Sula dies and Nel attends her burial. There she realizes that â€Å"all that time, [she] thought [she] was missing Jude,† but actually, she missed her friendship with Sula (174). Their friendship was more supportive than her marriage as Sula helped bring out the ’me’ in Nel that she lost in her marriage to Jude. Her epiphany helps her to notice how Jude was the one who hurt her , and now she can move on. Toni Morrison portrays Eva Peace as a suspended woman. According to Mary Helen Washington, a suspended woman is a â€Å"victim of men and of society as a whole, with few or no options. † Morrison starts off Eva’s story with her discontented marriage to her husband, BoyBoy. BoyBoy â€Å"liked womanizing best, drinking second, and abusing Eva third,† (32). Eva, disappointingly, tolerates all his abuse, because of her dependency on BoyBoy. One day, when he leaves her and their three children, her dependency becomes clear. Being inconsiderate of his family’s welfare, he leaves as his worst affliction to his wife. Now, abandoned with nearly no money,Eva realizes that â€Å"the children needed her† and â€Å"she needed money,† (32). This shows her desperation and how BoyBoy belittled her as she had to beg and rely on the neighbors for basic necessities like food for her children. Her Neighbors â€Å"were very willing to help, but Eva felt she would soon run her welcome out† and the fact that she had to continue begging, knowing she had ask for enough, embarrassed her. Eva struggles to raise them on her own and one day her son, Plum, stopps having his bowel movements. When all the stress and pressure gets to her, â€Å"Eva squatted there wondering what was she doing down on her haunches She shook her head as though to juggle her brains around, then said aloud, ‘Uh uh. Nooo,’†(34). Eva leaves her children with her neighbor for more than a year and comes back with one leg, losing the other for money to care for her children. If BoyBoy had never abused or had left her, she would have never been a victim and never would have had to sacrifice her pride and her leg. This proves she’s a suspended woman because BoyBoy’s abuse and abandonment left her with the only option to leave her children and sell her leg, because as a black woman in their society, she had very few options. Toni Morrison exemplifies Mary Helen Washington’s definitions in Nel, Sula, and Eva through out Sula, using their experiences and personalities. Sula’s independence, Nel’s epiphany, and Eva’s abuse all characterize them into their type of African American female character, making Sula a Liberated Woman, Nel an Emergent Woman, and Eva a suspended woman.

Twin Deficit Relationship in a Developing Open Economy

Twin Deficit Relationship in a Developing Open Economy 5.1 Summary. This study investigates the twin deficit relationship in a developing open economy like India. The study strives to demonstrate that Keynesian proposition of a long run equilibrium relationship exists between the twin deficits, but the reversed direction of causality was found. That is the causality flows from current account deficit to budget deficit as against from budget deficit to the current account deficit. This study reveals that the twin deficit have a positive long run relationship between the budget deficit and current account deficit using the Johansen multivariate co-integration approach. The result confirms the existence of a long run relationship between the two deficits, thus supporting the Mundell-Fleming theory and refuting the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH). The term â€Å"twin deficit† was initially invented to describe the co-movement between the budget deficit and the current account deficit in the United States (Chang and Hsu, 2009). Afterwards, researchers began applying it to other countries. Ever since, it has become an important area for researchers to examine the causal link between the two deficits and the direction of causality. The coincident of budget deficit and the current account deficits for most countries most especially in the United States (US) during the mid-1980s led to the characterization of this phenomenon as the â€Å"twin deficits† issue as both economic theory and empirical observation suggested a link between the two deficits. The main thrust of the twin deficit hypothesis is that current account deficits of most countries is caused by government’s budget deficits phenomenon and the most suitable way to solve this problem and stabilize internal and external deficits is reducing the government’s budget deficit. In other words, the direction of causality flows from the budget deficit to current account deficit. Two major theories used to explain the causal link between budget deficit and current account deficits are the Mundell-Fleming Model and the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH). The traditional Keynesians use the Mundell-Fleming model to explain the twin deficit relationship by arguing that when budget deficit increases, the current account balance will deteriorate as the increases in the budget deficits will lead to increase real exchange rate, domestic interest rates and leads capital inflows and will deteriorate budget deficit. Some group of researchers used the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) to argue that no relationship exists between the two deficits as budget deficits results mainly from tax cuts which tend to reduce public revenue and public savings. They suggest that individuals will recognize these tax cuts as incurring future tax liabilities and thus will increase savings rather than consumption and will not have any effect on the current account balance. In examining the causal link between the two deficits for India, the study carry out the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test (ADF) and all the variables were found to be stationary after first differencing at 1 percent level of significance. Then applying the Johansen co-integration method, the study followed the max statistics and maximum Eigen value which stated that there exists at most one co-integrating equation in the model, signifying the existence of a long run relationship between the twin deficits as argued by the conventional twin deficit hypothesis. To identify the direction of causality between the two deficits multivariate Granger causality test was employed. To estimate the short run causality among the variables Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed between the twin deficits and their interacting variables (such as inflation, interest rate and exchange rate) for the period (1990 to 2013). To predict the movements and behavior of two deficit impulse resp onse function was used to traces the impact of one standard deviation shock to one innovation on its current and future value of endogenous variables. The Granger causality test showed a uni-directional causality flowing from the current account deficits to the budget deficits in India between 1990 and 2013. The result of the Wald Test showed that the causality between budget deficit and current account does not exist, on the other hand it has been proved it is the current account deficit which leads the budget account deficit for the India economy. What is the reason it moves from cad to bd write 5.2 Recommendations. From the findings of the study, the following recommendations are given: 1) If government intends to reduce its â€Å"twin deficit† dilemma, it must begin by reducing its current account deficits and this can be achieved by reducing imports, increasing exports or a combination of both measures. 2) Also, since the findings of this study showed evidence of reverse causation from current account deficits to budget deficits, adjustments in fiscal balance can only be achieved through the implementation of strong external policies. 3) It is important for government to equally diversify the sources of national income since the economic transformation will result to minimal fluctuations in the fiscal balance of the Indian economy, thus resolving the â€Å"twin deficits† dilemma. 4) The study found that of all the interacting variables, in which interest rate and exchange rate Granger causes current account deficits. This implies that changes in the interest rate of the Indian economy will impact significantly in the current account balance. So the Central Bank of India must endeavour to consciously monitor the inflation and interest rate in the economy. 5) In reducing the current account deficit, increase in domestic savings is required which in turn requires the development of a strong financial sector. Write more 5.3 Conclusions. The study using modern econometric methods for estimation which showed that the twin deficits hypothesis was valid for the Indian economy as the result from the co-integration test showed the existence of long run equilibrium relationship between the budget deficit and the current account deficit. Also, the study found strong support for reverse causation also known as â€Å"current account targeting† for India. This implies that even the Mundell-Fleming model was valid for India the direction of causality was not from budget deficit to current account deficit but rather from current account deficit to budget deficit. It is evident from the results of the study that the direction of causation is from trade deficit to budget deficit therefore if there is trade deficit then it can certainly cause serious problem for the fiscal policy as well. That is why to avoid such problematic situation prudent steps should be taken to reduce trade deficit by coordination of fiscal and moneta ry policies with trade policy. Higher interest rate and higher inflation reduce competitiveness of our export and consequently deteriorate our trade balances and creates new problem for economy. The economic implication of this phenomenon is very important for the Indian economy. The reverse causality that was found to exist for India implies that if the Indian government intends to reduce the â€Å"twin deficit† phenomenon in India, it must begin by reducing the current account deficits. In other words, policies showed should be geared towards controlling the deficit in the current account most especially by diversifying the export base of the economy by promoting.

The Scarlet Letter :: Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

Revenge consumes the soul of the beholder, and leaves him a shell of his former self. Revenge often leads the avenger down an irreversible path that ultimately proves to be detrimental to him. Such acts are especially grave in the view of Puritans, who believed that vengeance belonged only to God. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a master of words, a literary genius who had a deep understanding of human emotions and boundaries. Hawthorne uses The Scarlet Letter to reprimand revenge as a detrimental act that can radically alter a person, and yet never allow them to be satisfied, using Chillingworth’s own thoughts, and dialogues to characterize his transformation from a scholarly person to a devil whose sole purpose was to torment Dimmesdale as retribution for committing adultery with Hester. In his exposition, Chillingworth, a learned man justly demanded that his wife’s fellow sinner â€Å"will be known! – he will be known! – he will be known!† (61). This was no doubt a perfectly normal response for a man, who after being in the company of Native Americans for over three years, happen to come to the right place at the right moment to see his wife on the scaffold, humiliated by the overbearing sin of adultery. In his conversation with Hester in jail, Chillingworth made it clear that he did not intend to harm neither Hester nor Pearl. Instead, like a true man, he claims that because of â€Å"[his] folly, and [her] weakness† (71), she had to â€Å"ascend to the pedestal of infamy† (71). He contended that had he been a more caring husband, and not devoted his youth to books and the pursuit of wisdom, such an incident would had never occurred. In the ensuing exchange of dialogue, Hawthorne impressed upon the reader that Chillingworth was a just and noble man, admitting partial responsibility for Hester’s sin. The medicine he gave Pearl was â€Å"potent for good; and were it [his] child – yea, [his] own, as well as thine! – [he] could do no better for it† (69) demonstrated his courteous manner, since if he was evil, he would not have given any second thought to killing the bastard child. His intentions of extracting revenge on the man â€Å"who has wronged [them] both† (72) was clear, and indicated his desire to reclaim the honor of a cuckold. These dialogues marked the beginning of Chillingworth’s descent to infamy. After he had settled in town for three years as the resident physician, Chillingworth had no doubt been vigilant in his search for Pearl’s father.

Market Leader vs Market Followers

The article is aiming to study how big brands are losing their market share & what changes they are bringing in their marketing strategy to cope up with the current market scenario or to regain their market share. This study is focused on leadership in Indian market on various segments, Brand loyalty, and brand differentiation. This study focus on current market scenario with changing trends of market share in various segments. Introduction Competition essentially means a fight and a monopolist enjoys a hold over the market and has control over price and customer. With the adoption of pro-competition policies by the government – Air India have been exposed to constantly losing market share in favor of private carriers like Kingfisher, Jet airways, Air Sahara, Spice Jet, Lufthansa and others. It is tough condition for the marketers, because if you are inefficient, the market forces would edge you out of the marketplace. Hence, competition means hard work. It is a constant struggle to outperform the rivals. Competition is consumer friendly, but not market friendly. Binaca is a brand that existed only in yesteryears.Binaca could not compete with the market competition & finally failed. The most remembered thing about Binaca is its conversion to Cibaca. So, why the company re-launched Binaca and not Cibaca? Cibaca changed the brand name Binaca to Cibaca when it was sold to another company. While Dabur bought Binaca, Colgate Palmolive bought Cibaca. Dabur has launched Binaca and now we have both Binaca and Cibaca in the market. (Though Binaca was toothpaste and Cibaca is currently being sold only as a toothbrush.) Brand is re-launched to leverage on past brand equity. Kelvinator India refrigerators has led a yo-yo type life till now. There have been frequent changes of ownership, which also included an 18-month stint with the enemy, Whirlpool. Worldwide, the Electrolux brand owns Kelvinator. During the period 1997-98, when Electrolux was just entering India, it did not have the capacity to hold on to the sales of Kelvinator. It had to sell it to Whirlpool to sustain sales. Whirlpool took advantage of the situation and milked the brand in that time. After the stipulated period of 18 months, Electrolux took it back. Since then, it has been contributing to a steady 65-70% of the company's revenues, a successful re-launches. Electrolux saved on a lot of costs it would have probably incurred had it launched a new brand. One of the most important assets that the marketer can possess is the trust of the customers. A brand is the interface between the marketers and the customers. It signifies the touching point between the marketing efforts and its effect on customers, either positive or negative. As the marketers are trading on the slippery ground, if they compromise on quality they can’t prevent consumer to switch brand to another. According to Rap P, Stan and Tom Collins, in their book –The great Marketing turn grounds- â€Å"The ability of the manufacturers to copy one another’s most successful product and the brand hopping encouraged by the tempting discounts may be seriously weakening the grip of the loyalty in many categories† Erosion of the brand loyalty has become one of the serious concerns now. The magazine ad week’s marketing week of US suggests that â€Å"The belief that once consumers buy a brand, they will stay there, is not true. The percentage of consumers who wished to stick to major brands dropped from 80 to 60 percent during an eight year period†. In today’s market scenario; the leaders are losing their market share & turning to followers for the sense of emergency. â€Å"Eye-catching colors and gee-whiz features aren't enough for successful products and services today. To rise above the ‘sea of sameness’, companies need to be different in a way that is elemental—and game-changing. According to HBS professor Youngme Moon.† Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is harder to come by today as different brands are coming with too many choices and not with enough differences. Well known brands command a price premium. Japanese companies such as Sony and Toyota have built a huge brand loyal market .At the same time, developing a branded product loyal to the customer requires a great deal of long term investment, especially for advertising, promotion & packaging. Woodland is a brand that has built its brand equity on the pillars of being sturdy and durable with futuristic designs. It has also forayed into apparels and accessories. To maintain their positioning in the mind of consumer the brand has also introduced more specialized products like Yoga collection, Kids collection and the Woods collection. The brand has customized products for the adventure enthusiasts and keeps adding new technologies to make their products the ideal choice for all adventure lovers. Now, the brand has been focusing on eco-friendly products and uses raw materials that are less harmful to the environment. We’re familiar with the acronym WIIFM, which stands for â€Å"What’s in it for me?† This is the exact question that the consumers are asking themselves, and the brands need to be able to answer them properly. If they are unable to do the same the consumer will switch from one brand to another. The economics of customer retention makes a compelling case for relationship marketing. It costs approximately five times more to attract a customer than to keep a customer. So losing market share is very serious issue for market leaders at present. Brand Loyalty is the consumer's conscious or unconscious decision, expressed through intention or behavior, to repurchase a brand continually. It occurs because the consumer perceives that the brand offers the right product features, image, or level of quality at the right price. In today’s marketing environment, market advertisers are trying to break consumer habits, and helping them to acquire new habits, and reinforce those habits by reminding consumers of the value of their purchase and encourage them to continue purchasing those products in the future. The proactive approaches of rivals are compelling the market leaders to lose their market share. Brand Differentiation The brands want to remain differentiated from other brands; they will survive in the market & enjoy customer loyalty if they’ll be able to position themselves different from their competitor in the mind of consumer as well as in the market. Brands are investing on their advertising & promotion to differentiate themselves from others. FMCG major Dabur has undertaken a 360 degree rebranding exercise for its brand Real and has introduced new packaging, a new brand ambassador and communication activities. The company has reportedly spent close to Rs 7-8 crore on the whole exercise. Currently, the brand is going ahead with the 360 degree communication plan, which includes innovative OOH campaign in select cities, in-cinema advertising, TVC, radio, DTH for the very first time and print advertising, to remain differentiated from other brands. There are various ways they can achieve this aim. The brand differentiation is basically brought by positioning of brands. , some of the world's most iconic brands are starting the year with a new look. ITV has ditched its yellow and blue boxes, computer chip maker Intel has introduced a new strapline, and telecommunications giant AT&T has undergone a facelift.Airtel has taken the leap and revamped its logo, and the brand is on media overdrive to drive home the point about its new avatar. Brand differentiation can also be achieved by unique selling position of the brand and for increasing the brand value and brand equity. For every business, the health of its brand is key to its success. â€Å"The brand is the emotional heart of the business,† says Clare Salmon, director of marketing and strategy at ITV. â€Å"If the heart stops beating, the beast is going to die.† Differentiation attacks the fundamental basis of competition. It makes the product dissimilar and hence, less substitutable.† A general class of products is differentiated if any significant basis exists for distinguishing the good or service of one seller from that of another. Such a basis may be real or fancied, as long as it is of any importance whatever to buyer, and leads to a preference for one variety of the product over another.† According to Chamberlin, Edword, The theory of monopolistic competition, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1956.p.66. Current Market scenario.